Application of pathogen surveys, disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an IPM approach for the control of wheat yellow rust

Hovmøller, Mogens S.; Henriksen, Kaj

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8780-6_17

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The numbers of observed virulence and AFLP phenotypes in the eight regions were calculated. Global distributions since 2001–2002 of two particular strains, which were observed on five continents in this study, were estimated from the virulence phenotype distribution in the present data set, large‐scale pathogen surveys in eastern USA (Markell & Milus 2008), northern Europe (Hovmøller & Henriksen 2008), South Africa (Boshoff et al . 2002) and Australia (Wellings 2007), and by AFLP phenotyping of subsets of isolates from these areas.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus

et al. 2008

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Rust fungi can overcome the effect of host resistance genes rapidly, and spores can disperse long distance by wind. Here we demonstrate a foreign incursion of similar strains of the wheat yellow rust fungus, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, in North America, Australia and Europe in less than 3 years. One strain defined by identity at 15 virulence loci and 130 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fragments was exclusive to North America (present since 2000) and Australia (since 2002). Another strain of the same virulence phenotype, but differing in two AFLP fragments, was exclusive to Europe (present since 2000-2001) as well as Western and Central Asia and the Red Sea Area (first appearance unknown). This may be the most rapid spread of an important crop pathogen on the global scale. The limited divergence between the two strains and their derivatives, and the temporal-spatial occurrence pattern confirmed a recent spread. The data gave evidence for additional intercontinental dispersal events in the past, that is, many isolates sampled before 2000 in Europe, North America and Australia had similar AFLP fingerprints, and isolates from South Africa, which showed no divergence in AFLP, differed by only two fragments from particular isolates from Central Asia, West Asia and South Europe, respectively. Previous research has demonstrated that isolates of the two new strains produced up to two to three times more spores per day than strains found in USA and Europe before 2000, suggesting that increased aggressiveness at this level may accelerate global spread of crop pathogens.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus

et al. 2008

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“…Four disease susceptibility groups are defined here: 0 (resistant), 1, 2 and 3 (very susceptible). The groupings in Crop Protection Online are updated each year, thereby representing the current susceptibility of each variety to each disease as reflected by the prevalent pathogen population (Hovmøller and Henriksen 2008). In most cases, the groupings did not change during the considered field trial period [2002][2003][2004][2005].…”

Section: External Characteristics Of Varietiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the future, VCU information needs to be applied together with other tools for crop protection, e.g., as in the Danish Crop Protection Online, which is based on disease and weed assessments in individual fields and considers crop phenology and previous fungicide treatments, coupled with disease resistance groupings, disease control thresholds and the risk that a particular disease is present, as estimated based on historical data (e.g. Hovmøller and Henriksen 2008).…”

Section: Model Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting spring barley yield from variety-specific yield potential, disease resistance and straw length, and from environment-specific disease loads and weed pressure

et al. 2008

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For low-input crop production, well-characterised varieties increase the possibilities of managing diseases and weeds. This analysis aims at developing a framework for analyzing grain yield using external varietal information about disease resistance, weed competitiveness and yield potential and quantifying the impact of susceptibility grouping and straw length scores (as a measure for weed competitiveness) for predicting spring barley grain yield under variable biotic stress levels. The study comprised 52 spring barley varieties and 17 environments, i.e., combinations of location, growing system and year. Individual varieties and their interactions with environments were analysed by factorial regression of grain yield on external variety information combined with observed environmental disease loads and weed pressure. The external information was based on the official Danish VCU testing. The most parsimonious models explained about 50% of the yield variation among varieties including genotypeenvironment interactions. Disease resistance characteristics of varieties, weighted with disease loads of powdery mildew, leaf rust and net blotch, respectively, had a highly significant influence on grain yield. The extend to which increased susceptibility resulted in increased yield losses in environments with high disease loads of the respective diseases was predicted. The effect of externally determined straw length scores, weighted with weed pressure, was weaker although significant for weeds with creeping growth habit. Higher grain yield was thus predicted for taller plants under weed pressure. The results are discussed in relation to the model framework, impact of the considered traits and use of information from conventional variety testing in organic cropping systems.

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“…They were inoculated on a susceptible spreader host, which was grown in between rows of Skater ( Yr2, Yr32 ) and Robigus ( Yr2, Yr32 ), which were resistant to the two wildtype isolates (Hovmøller, ). The field experiments took place in 2005 and 2006 in Denmark, where yellow rust was scarce and Yr32 resistance provided 100% disease control (Hovmøller & Henriksen, ). The virulence phenotype of the two wildtype isolates had been absent from the Danish P. striiformis population for more than 10 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous loss of Yr2 avirulence in two lineages of Puccinia striiformis did not affect pathogen fitness

2013

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Fitness costs associated with the emergence of virulence (loss of avirulence) have been a subject of much debate in plant pathology. Here, differences in fitness between two pairs of wild types and spontaneous virulence mutants in Puccinia striiformis were studied. The mutants differed from their respective wild types in virulence corresponding to the Yr2 resistance gene in wheat. The wildtype and mutant pairs represented different genetic lineages and virulence phenotypes. Colony size, latent period, lesion growth rate and uredinium density and size were assessed on susceptible and Yr2 resistant wheat varieties. No significant difference was observed for any of the evaluated parameters within wildtype and mutant pairs, i.e. the results did not support a hypothesis of a fitness cost for acquiring virulence in P. striiformis. In contrast, significant differences were found for most of the parameters when isolates were compared according to genetic lineage, which confirm that the applied methodologies were appropriate for detecting differences in pathogen fitness.

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Application of pathogen surveys, disease nurseries and varietal resistance characteristics in an IPM approach for the control of wheat yellow rust

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus

Rapid global spread of two aggressive strains of a wheat rust fungus

Predicting spring barley yield from variety-specific yield potential, disease resistance and straw length, and from environment-specific disease loads and weed pressure

Spontaneous loss of Yr2 avirulence in two lineages of Puccinia striiformis did not affect pathogen fitness

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