“…Moreover, a fluorescence detection method can be used for the direct detection of the cellular behavior. 63,64 Many 2D approaches to culture cells in a microfluidic system have been reported in the literature. For example, photo-and soft-lithography-based patterning techniques have been widely used for a variety of applications including confining cells in specific regions and detecting cellular responses.…”
Microfluidic techniques have been recently developed for cell-based assays. In microfluidic systems, the objective is for these microenvironments to mimic in vivo surroundings. With advantageous characteristics such as optical transparency and the capability for automating protocols, different types of cells can be cultured, screened, and monitored in real time to systematically investigate their morphology and functions under well-controlled microenvironments in response to various stimuli. Recently, the study of stem cells using microfluidic platforms has attracted considerable interest. Even though stem cells have been studied extensively using bench-top systems, an understanding of their behavior in in vivo-like microenvironments which stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation is still lacking. In this paper, recent cell studies using microfluidic systems are first introduced. The various miniature systems for cell culture, sorting and isolation, and stimulation are then systematically reviewed. The main focus of this review is on papers published in recent years studying stem cells by using microfluidic technology. This review aims to provide experts in microfluidics an overview of various microfluidic systems for stem cell research.
“…Moreover, a fluorescence detection method can be used for the direct detection of the cellular behavior. 63,64 Many 2D approaches to culture cells in a microfluidic system have been reported in the literature. For example, photo-and soft-lithography-based patterning techniques have been widely used for a variety of applications including confining cells in specific regions and detecting cellular responses.…”
Microfluidic techniques have been recently developed for cell-based assays. In microfluidic systems, the objective is for these microenvironments to mimic in vivo surroundings. With advantageous characteristics such as optical transparency and the capability for automating protocols, different types of cells can be cultured, screened, and monitored in real time to systematically investigate their morphology and functions under well-controlled microenvironments in response to various stimuli. Recently, the study of stem cells using microfluidic platforms has attracted considerable interest. Even though stem cells have been studied extensively using bench-top systems, an understanding of their behavior in in vivo-like microenvironments which stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation is still lacking. In this paper, recent cell studies using microfluidic systems are first introduced. The various miniature systems for cell culture, sorting and isolation, and stimulation are then systematically reviewed. The main focus of this review is on papers published in recent years studying stem cells by using microfluidic technology. This review aims to provide experts in microfluidics an overview of various microfluidic systems for stem cell research.
“…[34] Cell substrate adhesion is a multistep process including initial cell contact to the substrate, attachment, spreading, and growth. It is recognized that the adhesion and proliferation of different types of cells on biomaterials depend on many surface characteristics, such as surface charge, [35] wettability (hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity), [36] chemistry, [36] microstructure, [37] roughness, [38] and mechanical properties.…”
Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has a long history of exploitation in a variety of biological and medical applications. Particularly in the past decade, PDMS has attracted interest as a material for the fabrication of microfluidic biochip. The control of cell adhesion on a PDMS surface is important in many microfluidic applications such as cell culture or cell-based chemicals/drug testing. Unlike many complicated approaches, this study reports simple methods of PDMS surface modification to effectively inhibit or conversely enhance cell adhesion on a PDMS surface using Pluronic surfactant solution and poly-L-lysine, respectively. This research basically succeeded our prior work to further confirm the long-term capability of 3% Pluronic F68 surfactant to suppress cell adhesion on a PDMS surface over a 6-day cell culture. Microscopic observation showed that the treated PDMS surface created an unfavorable interface, where chondrocytes seemed to clump together on day 2 and 6 after chondrocyte seeding, and there was no sign of chondrocyte spreading. On the opposite side, results demonstrated that the poly-L-lysinetreated surface significantly increased fibroblast adhesion by 32% in contrast to the untreated PDMS, which is comparable to the commercial cell-culture-grade microplate. However, fibronectin treatment did not have such an effect. All these fundamental information is found useful for any PDMS-related application.
“…Our hypothesis is that the effect of microchip materials is more pronounced when using adherent cells. Patterning the PDMS with different substrates like fibronectin and collagen or modifying the surface to render it hydrophilic (e.g., oxygen plasma), makes this polymer useful for adherent cell studies [33][34][35]. Whitesides and co-workers [36] already investigated the influence of the composition of PDMS on the attachment and growth of different adherent cell lines, to highlight the importance for examining the role of the surface chemistry of materials used for growing cells.…”
This paper presents a study in which different commonly used microchip materials (silicon oxide, borosilicate glass, and PDMS) were analyzed for their effect on human promyelocytic leukemic (HL60) cells. Copper-coated silicon was analyzed for its toxicity and therefore served as a positive control. With quantitative PCR, the expression of the proliferation marker Cyclin D1 and the apoptosis marker tissue transglutaminase were measured. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the distribution through the different phases of the cell cycle (propidium iodide, PI) and the apoptotic cascade (Annexin V in combination with PI). All microchip materials, with the exception of Cu, appeared to be suitable for HL60 cells, showing a ratio apoptosis/proliferation (R(ap)) comparable to materials used in conventional cell culture (polystyrene). These results were confirmed with cell cycle analysis and apoptosis studies. Precoating the microchip material surfaces with serum favor the proliferation, as demonstrated by a lower R(ap) as compared to uncoated surfaces. The Cu-coated surface appeared to be toxic for HL60 cells, showing over 90% decreased viability within 24 h. From these results, it can be concluded that the chosen protocol is suitable for selection of the cell culture material, and that the most commonly used microchip materials are compatible with HL60 culturing.
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