Application of Omics Technologies for Evaluation of Antibacterial Mechanisms of Action of Plant-Derived Products

Abstract

In the face of increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics currently in use, the search for new antimicrobial agents has received a boost in recent years, with natural products playing an important role in this field. In fact, several methods have been proposed to investigate the antibacterial activities of natural products. However, given that the ultimate aim is future therapeutic use as novel drugs, it is extremely necessary to elucidate their modes of action, stating the molecular effects in detail, and identifying their targets in the bacterial cell. This review analyzes the application of “omics technologies” to understand the antibacterial mechanisms of bioactive natural products, to stimulate research interest in this area and promote scientific collaborations. Some studies have been specifically highlighted herein by examining their procedures and results (targeted proteins and metabolic pathways). These approaches have the potential to provide new insights into our comprehension of antimicrobial resistance/susceptibility, creating new perspectives for the struggle against bacteria, and leading to the development of novel products in the future.

Anti-Phytopathogenic and Cytotoxic Activities of Crude Extracts and Secondary Metabolites of Marine-Derived Fungi

“…Natural products frequently inhibit bacterial growth by affecting cell membrane integrity, causing DNA damage, and inhibiting macromolecular synthesis [ 14 ]. Due to the small amount of 4 , only three experiments evaluating the effects of this compound on the bacterial cell membrane were performed in this study.…”

Antimicrobial and Antivirulence Action of Eugenia brejoensis Essential Oil in vitro and in vivo Invertebrate Models

“…The major drugs currently used against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and daptomycin (Werth et al, 2014); however, isolates with resistance or low susceptibility have been detected for all these drugs (Endimiani et al, 2011;Kos et al, 2012;Capone et al, 2016;Bakthavatchalam et al, 2017). Taken together, these data justify the search for new alternatives for the treatment of infections caused by S. aureus, and plant-derived products are highlighted as interesting candidates (Dos Santos et al, 2016;Mittal et al, 2018).…”

“…Several EOs have been demonstrated as efficient antimicrobial agents able to inhibit different MDR strains and to improve the activity of antibiotics (Langeveld et al, 2014;Mittal et al, 2018;Rao et al, 2019). The EOs components can interact with multiple targets in bacteria such as membrane, proteins synthesis, as well as inhibit efflux pumps and virulence related pathways (such as biofilm formation and toxin production) (Dos Santos et al, 2016;Kim et al, 2016;Kong et al, 2016b;Kang et al, 2018;Mittal et al, 2018;Rubini et al, 2018;Espinoza et al, 2019).…”

“Omic” investigations of protozoa and worms for a deeper understanding of the human gut “parasitome”

“…Such “omics”-based approaches are built on a holistic vision of the systems analysed, systems in which “all components are considered in complex ecological networks” in order to provide complete profiles of genes/transcripts/proteins/metabolites ( Fig 1 ) [ 19 , 20 ].…”