“…Among the marvelous additives for food coating is ZnO NPs. It has excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiotic nanoscale agents [8,37]. Therefore, in the following section, the effect of ZnO NPs on properties of some polysaccharides for safe coating are discussed.…”
Section: Basic Concepts Of Polysaccharide-based Safe Coatingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Safe coating becomes one of the prime concerns because of its ability to slow down the ripening process and prolong the shelf life of fruits [8]. Even when it is detached from its parent plant, fruits have their catalytic machinery to maintain its own life.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to its biocompatibility and safety to public health, ZnO NPs have been incorporated into the food coating material [8]. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into coating can provide good mechanical, structural, and barrier properties for the coating [20].…”
Safe coating formulated from biopolymer can be an alternative for better packaging for fruits. Among biopolymers used for safe coating, polysaccharides attracted more attention due to its biocompatibility and edibility. However, polysaccharide-based materials have weaknesses such as low water barrier and mechanical properties which result in lower capability on preserving the coated fruits. Hence, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is expected to increase the ability of polysaccharide-based coating for the enhancement of fruit shelf life. In this review paper, the basic information and the latest updates on the incorporation of ZnO NPs into the polysaccharide-based safe coating for fruit are presented. Various research has investigated polysaccharide-ZnO nanocomposite safe coating to prolong the shelf life of fruits. The polysaccharides used include chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, cellulose, and pectin. Overall, polysaccharide-ZnO nanocomposites can improve the shelf life of fruits by reducing weight loss, maintaining firmness, reducing the ripening process, reducing respiration, reducing the oxidation process, and inhibiting microbial growth. Finally, the challenges and potential of ZnO NPs as an active agent in the safe coating application are also discussed.
“…Among the marvelous additives for food coating is ZnO NPs. It has excellent antibacterial, antifungal, and antibiotic nanoscale agents [8,37]. Therefore, in the following section, the effect of ZnO NPs on properties of some polysaccharides for safe coating are discussed.…”
Section: Basic Concepts Of Polysaccharide-based Safe Coatingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Safe coating becomes one of the prime concerns because of its ability to slow down the ripening process and prolong the shelf life of fruits [8]. Even when it is detached from its parent plant, fruits have their catalytic machinery to maintain its own life.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Due to its biocompatibility and safety to public health, ZnO NPs have been incorporated into the food coating material [8]. The incorporation of ZnO NPs into coating can provide good mechanical, structural, and barrier properties for the coating [20].…”
Safe coating formulated from biopolymer can be an alternative for better packaging for fruits. Among biopolymers used for safe coating, polysaccharides attracted more attention due to its biocompatibility and edibility. However, polysaccharide-based materials have weaknesses such as low water barrier and mechanical properties which result in lower capability on preserving the coated fruits. Hence, the incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) such as zinc oxide (ZnO) is expected to increase the ability of polysaccharide-based coating for the enhancement of fruit shelf life. In this review paper, the basic information and the latest updates on the incorporation of ZnO NPs into the polysaccharide-based safe coating for fruit are presented. Various research has investigated polysaccharide-ZnO nanocomposite safe coating to prolong the shelf life of fruits. The polysaccharides used include chitosan, alginate, carrageenan, cellulose, and pectin. Overall, polysaccharide-ZnO nanocomposites can improve the shelf life of fruits by reducing weight loss, maintaining firmness, reducing the ripening process, reducing respiration, reducing the oxidation process, and inhibiting microbial growth. Finally, the challenges and potential of ZnO NPs as an active agent in the safe coating application are also discussed.
“…For instance, Joshy et al (2020) reported about the fabrication of biocompatible zinc oxide (ZnO) incorporated xanthan-based antimicrobial edible fruit coatings by double emulsion-solvent evaporation method ( Fig. 6 ) [ 82 ]. Fig.…”
Section: Agro-industrial Residues-based Materials In Fabrication Of Edible Coatingsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Enhanced fruits shelf-life >13 days of storage at room temperature. [ 82 ] Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles 30–50 ZnO nanoparticle with alginate Strawberries Essential physiochemical characteristics of fruits are maintained during 20 days of storage time. Extended shelf-life with microbial safety.…”
Section: Agro-industrial Residues-based Materials In Fabrication Of Edible Coatingsmentioning
Fresh fruits are prioritized needs in order to fulfill the required health benefits for human beings. However, some essential fruits are highly perishable with very short shelf-life during storage because of microbial growth and infections. Thus improvement of fruits shelf-life is a serious concern for their proper utlization without generation of huge amount of fruit-waste. Among various methods employed in extension of fruits shelf-life, design and fabrication of edible nanocoatings with antimicrobial activities have attracted considerable interest because of their enormous potential, novel functions, eco-friendly nature and good durability. In recent years, scientific communities have payed increased attention in the development of advanced antimicrobial edible coatings to prolong the postharvest shelf-life of fruits using hydrocolloids. In this review, we attempted to highlight the technical breakthrough and recent advancements in development of edible fruit coating by the application of various types of agro-industrial residues and different active nanomaterials incorporated into the coatings and their effects on shelf-life of perishable fruits. Improvements in highly desired functions such as antioxidant/antimicrobial activities and mechanical properties of edible coating to significantly control the gases (O
2
/CO
2
) permeation by the incorporation of nanoscale natural materials as well as metal nanoparticles are reviewed and discussed. In addition, by compiling recent knowledge, advantages of coatings on fruits for nutritional security during COVID-19 pandemic are also summarized along with the scientific challenges and insights for future developments in fabrication of engineered nanocoatings.
In comparison with the implantable electronics, ingestible electronics are less invasive but can travel close to major organs through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, monitor a wide range of biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and serve as effective clinical tools for diagnostics and therapy. [4d,5] Today, GI conditions have become one of the most prevalent health concerns in modern society. The market was expected to nearly reach the one-billion-dollar mark. [4e] Through analyzing the conditions of the GI tract [4d] (Figure 1), many diseases can be monitored and diagnosed, e.g., refluxing gastric fluid, cancer, motility disorders, infected and abnormally dilated venous vessels, gastritis, gastric ulcers, coeliac disease, lactose intolerance, Crohn's disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticular disease, constipation, clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, etc. [5,6] Conventional ingestible electronics mostly consist of inorganic materials and encapsulated with rigid nondegradable polymer, such as polydimethylsiloxane, parylene/epoxy, [4a] which will lead longer devices retention in the GI tract. This is one of the most significant risk elements during the application of conventional ingestible electronics. Fully food-based edible and nutritive electronics have emerged to address these potential risks. Edible electronics are new generation ingestible electronics. Recently, there is no accurate and clear definition of edible electronics. [4g,7] The definition of "transient electronics," [3h] which focused on implantable electronics, was similar to the edible electronics concept and defined as: made of biodegradable materials and can completely or partially dissolve, resorb, or physically disappear after functioning in environmental or physiological conditions at controlled rates. By follow this spirit, the definition of edible electronics is provided here: a class of microencapsulated electronic devices that consist of edible and nutritive inorganics and organics materials, meanwhile, that can be mainly dissolved, digested and absorbed after fulfilling the diagnosis or therapy of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract. The edible and nutritive inorganics always include edible inert metals, trace elements [8] and their oxides. Nutritive organics always include biopigments, and polymers. [7,9] A more systemic and expanded materials toolbox will be very helpful to advance The emerging novel edible and nutritive electronics indicate an important advance in ingestible and implantable electronics, covering multiple disciplines such as biomedicine, electronics, and nutriology. This review focuses on the feasibility and critical technical problems of fabricating fully edible and nutritive electronics. Recently, a limited number of fully edible and nutritive electronics, operating single functions, have been applied to monitor the condition of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and diagnose its disorders. However, fully edible, nutritive, miniaturized, and well-functioning electronics with mu...
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