Application of Negative Selection Algorithm in Smart Antenna System for Lte Communication

Abstract

Abstract-Interference and multipath is one of the current issues in a wireless communication system, with complicated scenarios of environment especially in urban areas with a high number of users. Introducing smart antenna systems at the base station can contribute to reducing interference and improve quality of service. This paper proposes and explores the application of artificial immune system and negative selection algorithm to the prototype of smart antenna, where the proposed smart antenna is a hexagonal structure with 6-elements of the antenna array and working in LTE band at 2.6 GHz. Initial testing was done to define the RSSI value by calculating the average of the signal then comparing RSSI value defined by implementing artificial immune algorithm. To proof and determine actual RSSI signal received, a test in an anechoic chamber is conducted as reference that assumes free interference and multipath then compared to both of results. X-Bee module was used for transmitter and receiver in system at 2.4 GHz band, and the proposed system prototype with hexagonal structure also used dual ARM microprocessor. Negative selection algorithm is applied in smart antenna programming to define actual values of receiving signal and angle of arrival. Every beam of the antenna was installed with an X-Bee module then connected to microprocessors, with an LED installed at each of the antenna as an indicator of beam switching or angle of arrival signal.

Beampatten optimization in distributed beamforming using multiobjective and metaheuristic method

“…A bio-inspired bacterial foraging algorithm has been proposed in [1] to select the nodes that obtain a reasonable beamforming performance in the presence of nodes synchronization errors. The author in [14] proposed a quasicircular node selection method using a new version of the PSO algorithm called the HLPSO, to reduce the PSLL and the first null beamwidth (FNBW).…”

“…Such transceivers have digital control of the amplitude and phase of its signals and allow great flexibility in digital signal processing in wireless sensor network (WSN) [1][2][3]. The sensors in WSNs are however often small in size and battery operated.…”