Application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems for respiratory diseases (Review)

Abstract

Respiratory disease is a common disease with a high incidence worldwide, which is a serious threat to human health, and is considered a societal and economic burden. The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems has created new treatments for respiratory diseases. Within this context, the present review systematically introduced the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs); reviewed the current research status of different nanocarriers in the treatment of respiratory diseases, including liposomes, solid lipid nanocarriers, polymeric nanocarriers, dendrimers, inorganic nanocarriers and protein nanocarriers; and discussed the main advantages and limitations of therapeutic nanomedicine in this field. The application of nanotechnology overcomes drug inherent deficiencies to a certain extent, and provides unlimited potential for the development of drugs to treat respiratory diseases. However, most of the related research work is in the preclinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still a challenging task. Future studies are needed to focus on the performance modification, molecular mechanism and potential toxicity of therapeutic nanomedicine.

Retracted: Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization, and Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity

“…NPs have also successfully aided in reducing drug toxicity and side effects due to high efficacy delivery that ensures therapeutic potential in minimal dosage, supports sustained drug release, and alters drug distribution, as well as clearance [5]. The National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in the year 2000 by the US National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) facilitated the realization and translation of nanotechnology in clinical settings, and since then, multiple studies have recorded the significance of NPs in respiratory diseases, kidney diseases, and antibacterial and anticancer agents [6][7][8]. Although research has documented significant strides in application of NPs, the translation at patient levels is low majorly due to patient heterogeneity, as well as difference in physiology between animals and humans [9].…”

Gefitinib loaded PLGA and chitosan coated PLGA nanoparticles with magnified cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cell lines

“…Biodegradable Polymer based nanoparticles are gaining great momentum in the development of the NPs for the development of DDS of diversified drug entities ( Luo et al, 2021 , Allam et al, 2020 ). Biodegradable NPs imitates nano-size that assist the drug to permeate and cross the lipoidal biological cell membrane with consequent improvement in the solubility, permeability, absorption, and bioavailability.…”

Strategies to Overcome Biological Barriers Associated with Pulmonary Drug Delivery

“…Nanoparticle formulation strategies can be used to alter the way in which active compounds are presented within the body [61][62][63][64][65], including modification of their dissolution profiles [66][67][68][69][70], and some of these strategies have been adapted specifically for pulmonary delivery [71][72][73][74]. In some instances, nanoparticles can help overcome specific pharmaceutical development challenges including increased payload delivery, controlled-release kinetics to optimize pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD), improvement of efficacy, and reduction of adverse events [64,75,76].…”