Application of nanotechnology in biosensors for enhancing pathogen detection

Abstract

Rapid detection and identification of pathogenic microorganisms is fundamental to minimizing the spread of infectious disease, and informing clinicians on patient treatment strategies. This need has led to the development of enhanced biosensors that utilize state of the art nanomaterials and nanotechnology, and represent the next generation of diagnostics. A primer on nanoscale biorecognition elements such as, nucleic acids, antibodies, and their synthetic analogs (molecular imprinted polymers), will be presented first. Next the application of various nanotechnologies for biosensor transduction will be discussed, along with the inherent nanoscale phenomenon that leads to their improved performance and capabilities in biosensor systems. A future outlook on characterization and quality assurance, nanotoxicity, and nanomaterial integration into lab-on-a-chip systems will provide the closing thoughts. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.

Applications of Bionano Sensor for Extracellular Vesicles Analysis

“…By employing this simple approach, the differential expression of surface proteins (CD63, EpCAM, platelet-derived growth factor, prostate-specific membrane antigen, protein tyrosine kinase-7) was investigated in EVs derived from human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ramos), human prostate cancer (PC3) and human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (CEM) cells. Liu et al detected EV released from nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by applying a simple approach [ 59 ]. This system employed two proximity-ligation-assay probes to generate a unique surrogate DNA signal for EV detection.…”

Recent Advances and Future Trends in the Detection of Contaminants by Molecularly Imprinted Polymers in Food Samples

“…Briefly, functional monomers interact with target molecules in solution to form a network of complexes with covalent or non-covalent interactions. Based on the rearrangement process between the target molecule and the functional monomer in the polymer, it can be mainly classified into three types of interactions: covalent, non-covalent, and semicovalent (Canfarotta et al, 2018;Huang et al, 2018;Sposito et al, 2018;Wang H. et al, 2018;Bagheri et al, 2019).…”

Frequency equation and semi‐empirical mechanical coupling strength of microcantilevers in an array

“…Microcantilevers are at the heart of a wide range of technology: actuators in MEMS, sensors, energy harvesters, and atomic force microscopy (Huber et al, 2015;Kim et al, 2013;Payam et al, 2018;Sposito et al, 2018;Toda et al, 2017;Nguyen Duy Vy et al, 2016;Xu & Siedlecki, 2009). Recently, microcantilever arrays are widely used to increase the versatility and detecting speed in chemical and biosensing (Chen et al, 2008;Gil-Santos et al, 2011;McKendry et al, 2002;Plaza et al, 2006).…”