Application of Nanoparticles in Stimulation: A Review

Aljawad, Murtada Saleh; Alade, Olalekan; Hassan, Amjed; Mahmoud, Mohamed; Kamal, Muhammad Shahzad

doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c00445

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(360 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, compared with the conventional systems, the addition of NPs improved the proppant-suspension ability (Figure ). Due to the pseudocross-linking of NPs and WLMs, the elastic modulus of the VES fluid is increased and its suspension performance is enhanced. , A follow-up study by Huang et al also demonstrated the wall-building performance of the NP-based systems, and the retained permeability of the system was 100%. Liu et al prepared a silica nanoparticle-reinforced CO 2 -sensitive fracturing fluid system.…”

Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is worth noting that the effects of exposure to NPs on human health and the environment have not been fully documented. 293,331 Due to their extremely small size, the NPs may easily enter organisms and have adverse effects on them. In the future, more efforts should be made to utilize natural nanomaterials, such as lignin nanoparticles.…”

Section: Counterion Salt Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, the effect of nanomaterials to enhance the temperature resistance of VES fluid is limited, and the high-temperature-resistant VES systems are obtained with high surfactant concentrations (not less than 4 wt %). It is worth noting that the effects of exposure to NPs on human health and the environment have not been fully documented. , Due to their extremely small size, the NPs may easily enter organisms and have adverse effects on them. In the future, more efforts should be made to utilize natural nanomaterials, such as lignin nanoparticles …”

Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid is an important part of a water-based fracturing fluid. As oil and gas exploration expands into deep, high-temperature, low-permeability reservoirs, the conventional VES fracturing fluid has shown great limitations. The high-temperature-resistance mechanisms of the high-temperature-resistant VES fracturing fluids in publicly available literature were analyzed from five aspects: single-chain surfactant system, oligomeric surfactant system, counterion effect, blended surfactant system, and nano-enhanced VES system. The friction-reduction performance, sand-carrying performance, gel-breaking performance, and core-damage performance of these systems were summarized. The results show that oligomeric surfactants with a monounsaturated hydrophobic long chain (>C21) are most likely to be used for VES fracturing fluids in high-temperature reservoirs, but the loading of the surfactants is still relatively high (3–5 wt %). By reducing the repulsion among polar headgroups to effectively decrease the area of head groups, or/and penetrating into the nonpolar cores based on hydrophobic interaction to increase the average hydrophobic volume of hydrophobic tails, counterions affect the performance of VESs. The aromatic counterion salts are preferred choices for improving the temperature resistance, friction reduction, and suspended sand performance of VES fluids. The blended surfactant/synthetic polymer systems based on noncovalent interaction improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants to a certain extent. Based on the “pseudo-cross-linking” of nanomaterials and wormlike micelles, a very small amount of nanomaterials can improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids and reduce the loading of the surfactants. The most essential and effective method to improve the temperature resistance of VES fluids for fracturing is the molecular structure design based on the packing parameter theory. However, the synthesis process or route still needs further optimization to reduce production costs. In addition, given the excellent performance of VES fluids enhanced by nanomaterials, further research should be conducted on the influence mechanism of nanomaterial type and geometric features on the performance of VESs, as well as the potential harmfulness of nanomaterials, to promote the field-scale application of nano-enhanced VES fluids.

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Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Counterion Salt Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: High-temperature-resistant Ves Fracturing Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Liu

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Several other nanoparticles were evaluated for their efficacies in enhancing the quality of the fracturing fluids. They were found to have applications as cross-linking agents as well as gel breakers, leak-off control additives, rheology modifiers, foam stabilizers, proppant surface modifiers, and emulsion stabilizers in different types of stimulation fluids [154]. However, despite the exceptional performance displayed in the laboratories, their field application is still limited.…”

Section: Silica Nanoparticles (Snp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual Damage, Its Consequences, and Remedial Measures on Post Hydrofrac Well Productivity: Learnt Lessons

2022

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Hydraulic fracturing or hydro-frac fluids can impede well production due to the damage caused to the reservoir formation and fracture face, generated from adverse interactions with reservoir rock. Understanding the mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing, optimum treatment designs, and pumping/pressure profiles is critical for hydro-frac success. However, to realize the full potential of fracturing and the mitigation strategies for reservoir and fracture conductivity damage during and after its occurrence, fracturing must be considered during the design phase itself. This article provides a brief overview of hydro-frac techniques, including design, optimization, modeling, commonly used proppants, and fracturing fluid benefits and consequences based on critically reviewed case studies. However, the primary focus of this article is on the potential of fracture conductivity damage and the intrinsic mechanisms in hydraulic fracturing. The article presents updated information on various damage mitigation processes established through laboratory investigation and field implementation. The authors expect that the provided workflow in this article will be helpful to researchers and stimulate engineers to a great extent.

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“…Nanomaterials have attracted extensive attention in recent years. − Nanotechnology has been used to enhance oil recovery and to improve drilling fluid properties and depressurization and injection-augmenting in water injection wells to achieve more efficient development. − The application of nanoinjection-augmenting technology in oilfields has achieved excellent development effects. However, this technology has not been widely promoted, and most reports are limited to laboratory studies.…”

Section: Challenges and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Nano-depressurization and Injection-Augmenting Technology and Its Application in China’s Oilfields: Recent Advances and Perspectives

et al. 2022

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In China, most oilfields have entered the late stage of water injection development. Considering that the injected water quality has not reached the standard for a long time, the formation of organic and inorganic scale blockage has become increasingly serious, resulting in a continuous increase of injection pressure in water injection wells. The difficulty of water injection and low recovery ratio have mainly limited oilfield development. Considering the small size, large specific surface area, and other excellent properties of nanoparticles, they can easily enter the pore channel without reducing the permeability and damaging the formation, thus attracting extensive research attention at home and abroad. This work reviews the mechanism of depressurization and injection-augmenting and the application of nanomaterials in China’s oilfields. The future development prospects are also forecast. The mechanism of nano-depressurization and injection-augmentation mainly includes the following: (1) viscosity reduction, scale inhibition, and removal of wax and colloidal asphalt deposition; (2) inhibition of hydration and swelling of clay minerals; (3) change in the wettability and enlargement of the water flow path; (4) hydrophobicity of the nanoadsorption layer and drag reduction by water flow sliding; and (5) micro–nano double hydrophobic and self-cleaning effects. Through the strong chemical adsorption force between nanoparticles and the rock surface, the wettability of rock is changed by expelling the water film, and the permeability of the reservoir is improved by the sliding effect and the mechanism of preventing clay swelling. Nano-depressurization and injection-augmenting technology has been applied in China’s oilfields for many years, and studies have mainly summarized field tests in the past 10 years. The construction blocks include some typical middle–low-permeability reservoirs, such as the Bohai, Changqing, Daqing, and Jianghan Oilfields. Nano-depressurization and injection-augmenting technology has achieved obvious results, biological nanomaterials have obvious advantages over chemical additives, and its characteristics of environmental friendliness and long validity provide a new research direction for oilfield water injection and oil recovery, with broad development prospects.

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Application of Nanoparticles in Stimulation: A Review

Cited by 9 publications

References 179 publications

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Review on High-Temperature-Resistant Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives

Residual Damage, Its Consequences, and Remedial Measures on Post Hydrofrac Well Productivity: Learnt Lessons

Mechanism of Nano-depressurization and Injection-Augmenting Technology and Its Application in China’s Oilfields: Recent Advances and Perspectives

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