Application of Nanobiosensors in Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria: An Update

Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a critical public health concern worldwide, necessitating the development of efficient and sensitive diagnostic tools. Nanobiosensors, comprising nanomaterials, offer a novel approach to bacterial pathogen detection. The present review aimed to explore the current research and applications of nanobiosensors for bacterial pathogen detection. Recent discoveries in nanotechnology have facilitated the development of nanobiosensors with remarkable sensitivity and specificity. These nanoscale sensors are designed to detect specific bacterial pathogens through various mechanisms, including aptamers, antibodies, and molecular recognition elements. Furthermore, miniaturization and integration with microfluidic systems have enabled the rapid and point-of-care detection of bacterial infections. Incorporating nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and graphene into biosensing platforms has significantly enhanced their performance, leading to ultrasensitive detection of bacterial antigens and nucleic acids. Additionally, using nanobiosensors with advanced analytical techniques, such as electrochemical, optical, and piezoelectric methods, has expanded the possibilities for accurate and real-time monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Nanobiosensors represent a promising frontier in the battle against bacterial infections. Their exceptional sensitivity, rapid response times, and potential for multiplexed detection make them invaluable tools for the early diagnosis and monitoring of bacterial pathogens. Developing cost-effective and portable nanobiosensors for resource-limited settings becomes increasingly possible as nanotechnology advances.

Possibilities of an Electronic Nose on Piezoelectric Sensors with Polycomposite Coatings to Investigate the Microbiological Indicators of Milk

“…In recent years, methods for the rapid detection and monitoring of pathogenic microorganisms in milk and dairy products have been actively developed. Along with direct methods based on determining the composition of intracellular compounds and the cell wall components of microorganisms (for example, polymerase chain reaction [14], loop isothermal amplification of nucleic acids [15,16] and bioluminescence of the resulting adenosine triphosphate [17]), special attention has been paid to indirect methods of analysis based on recognition of the metabolic products of various microorganisms using sensors [18,19], including antibodies [20]. Moreover, a system of piezoelectric microelectrode arrays modified with conductive polymers has also been developed to monitor the bacterial contamination of fresh milk in real time in the concentration range of 10 3 -10 6 CFU/mL; the detection limit is 10 2 CFU/mL [21].…”