Application of miniaturised ultrasonic extraction to the analysis of organochlorine pesticides in soil

Experimental design in chemistry: A tutorial

“….). Five of them [9][10][11][12][13] have been published in the section "Extraction and Sample handling", two [14,15] in the section "Chemometrics", two [16,17] in the section "Electrochemistry" and two [18,19] in the section "Separation methods".…”

Organic Analysis for Urban Geochemical Survey Soil Samples

“…Soxhlet, saponification, accelerated solvent or microwave-assisted extraction) even in its current form; that is, USEPA Method 3550C (USEPA, 2007b). Nevertheless, there are numerous accounts in the literature where ultrasonic baths have been used for environmental organic extraction from soil/sediment samples that report comparable extraction efficiencies to the 'exhaustive' methods; for example, PAHs (De la Torre-Roche et al, 2009;Vane et al, 2007), PAHs and other organic compounds (Bossio et al, 2008), pesticides (Ozcan et al, 2009;Villaverde et al, 2008) and PCBs (Aydin et al, 2006). The success of these owes much to judicious solvent selection, which is a crucial consideration for optimum extraction efficiency using ultrasound (Swindell and Reid, 2007).…”

Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in Particulate Matter Samples with Low Mass Loading: An Approach to Test Method Accuracy

“…Due to lower equipment cost and ease of operation, extraction by US stands as an attractive alternative 2 Journal of Chemistry [3,8]. Hence, procedures based on reducing sample size and solvent requirements have been developed to achieve a miniaturization strategy for US extraction [9][10][11]. When the analyses of samples with low mass loadings are discussed, the validation of analytical method is an essential issue.…”