Application of Methods for Identifying Broiler Chicken Gut Bacterial Species Linked with Increased Energy Metabolism

Abstract

A high-throughput microbial profiling tool based on terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was developed to monitor the poultry gut microbiota in response to dietary manipulations. Gut microbial communities from the duodena, jejuna, ilea, and ceca of 48 birds fed either a barley control diet or barley diet supplemented with exogenous enzymes for degrading nonstarch polysaccharide were characterized by using multivariate statistical methods. Analysis of samples showed that gut microbial communities varied significantly among gut sections, except between the duodenum and jejunum. Significant diet-associated differences in gut microbial communities were detected within the ileum and cecum only. The dissimilarity in bacterial community composition between diets was 73 and 66% within the ileum and cecum, respectively. Operational taxonomic units, representing bacterial species or taxonomically related groups, contributing to diet-associated differences were identified. Several bacterial species contributed to differences between diet-related gut microbial community composition, with no individual bacterial species contributing more than 1 to 5% of the total. Using canonical analysis of principal coordinates biplots, we correlated differences in gut microbial community composition within the ileum and cecum to improved performance, as measured by apparent metabolizable energy. This is the first report that directly links differences in the composition of the gut microbial community with improved performance, which implies that the presence of specific beneficial and/or absence of specific detrimental bacterial species may contribute to the improved performance in these birds.

The potential for probiotics to prevent reproductive tract lesions in free-range laying hens

“…It has been proposed that these effects are achieved by different mechanisms, including competitive exclusion of pathogens (Morishita et al 1997;Nisbet 1998) and improved digestion and absorption of nutrients (Thomke and Elwinger 1998). There have been some previous attempts to correlate gut microbiota with higher levels of performance (Apajalahti et al 2004;Torok et al 2008). However, because of the varying nature of such investigations, this area would need to be investigated further.…”

Quantitative molecular assays for evaluating changes in broiler gut microbiota linked with diet and performance

“…Previously, AME had been shown to be significantly higher for chickens fed the barley-plus-enzyme diet than for chickens fed the control barley diet. No effect of bird gender on AME, or interaction between diet and sex, was detected (Torok et al 2008).…”

“…In Trial I, gut samples were collected from two groups of 24 broiler chickens (12 males and 12 females) that were each fed a barley-based control diet or barley-based diet supplemented with non-starch polysaccharide (NSP)-degrading feed enzyme product (Torok et al 2008). Previously, AME had been shown to be significantly higher for chickens fed the barley-plus-enzyme diet than for chickens fed the control barley diet.…”

“…Total nucleic acid was extracted from the digesta and associated tissue from the ilea and caeca of individual chickens as previously described (Torok et al 2011b(Torok et al , 2008. Total nucleic acid was extracted from~0.5 g of freeze-dried material.…”

HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)

“…D'après Saemann et al (2002), ces acides gras joueraient également un 4) Les pathologies infectieuses digestives comme par exemple celles déclenchées par les agents pathogènes Candida albicans (Payne et al, 2003) et Clostridium difficile (Iizuka et al, 2004 Olsen et al, 2008), les contenus intestinaux après sacrifice de l'animal ou associées à la muqueuse intestinale . De même, l'implication de la flore digestive sur le métabolisme énergétique, clef principale d'une croissance réussie, est fortement étudiée (Torok et al, 2008 ;Muramatsu et al, 1994).…”