Application of Metal‐Based Reagents and Catalysts in Microstructured Flow Devices

Abstract

Over the years, organic synthesis has witnessed several improvements through the development of new chemical transformations or more efficient reagents for known processes. Likewise, technological advances, aiming at speeding up reactions and facilitating their work-up, have established themselves in academic as well as in industrial laboratories. In this Minireview, we highlight very recent developments in flow chemistry, focusing on organometallic reagents and catalysts. First, we describe reactions with homogeneous catalysts immobilized on different support materials using the concept of packed bed reactors. In the last chapter, we will discuss applications that utilize organometallic reagents.

Machine‐Assisted Organic Synthesis

“…[80] Furthermore,aselection of interesting reactions using metal-based reagents and catalysts in synthesis processes in flow-chemistry platforms have also been reviewed, which includes discussion on nonsupported catalysts and catalysts supported on ionic liquid phases,d endrimers,a nd magnetic nanoparticles. [81] In addition, avery recent review discussed methods that can be used for the separation and recycling of catalysts in homogeneous organocatalytic systems. [82] In 2012, our group made pioneering use of the Mettler-Toledo microscale ReactIR flow cell as an inline analytical tool to devise an ew flow-chemistry approach useful for the preparation of Grignard reagents that were not commercially available.…”

“…Various separation approaches using near‐critical and supercritical fluids in flow have been reviewed 80. Furthermore, a selection of interesting reactions using metal‐based reagents and catalysts in synthesis processes in flow‐chemistry platforms have also been reviewed, which includes discussion on nonsupported catalysts and catalysts supported on ionic liquid phases, dendrimers, and magnetic nanoparticles 81. In addition, a very recent review discussed methods that can be used for the separation and recycling of catalysts in homogeneous organocatalytic systems 82…”

Maschinengestützte organische Synthese

“…Es wurden zahlreiche Vorgehensweisen mit nahezu kritischen und kritischen Fluiden erörtert 80. Außerdem wurde eine Auswahl an interessanten Reaktionen mit metallbasierten Reagenzien und Katalysatoren in Syntheseprozessen mit Plattformen für die Durchflusschemie erläutert, einschließlich der Diskussion von Katalysatoren ohne Träger und Katalysatoren für ionische Flüssigphasen, Dendrimeren und magnetischen Nanopartikeln 81. Darüber hinaus wurden in einem sehr neuen Aufsatz Methoden diskutiert, die für die Trennung und die Wiederverwertung von Katalysatoren in homogenen organokatalytischen Systemen eingesetzt werden können 82…”

Dendrimer‐Encapsulated Palladium Nanoparticles for Continuous‐Flow Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions

“…Combining continuous‐flow microreactor technology and supported metal nanocatalysts improves the efficiency of several catalyzed organic reactions as well as their sustainability 1. Metal nanoparticles show unique properties at the frontier between the bulk solid and the molecular state 2.…”