Application of metal alkoxides in the synthesis of oxides

Yanovskaya, M. I.; Turevskaya, E. P.; Kessler, Vadim G.; Obvintseva, I. E.; Turova, Nataliya

doi:10.1080/10584589208215722

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Keywords: bioimaging · crystal growth · nanoparticles · sol-gel processes · surface chemistry C 6 H 5 COCH 3 and protic allyl alcohol CH 2 CHCH 2 OH. [18] As the model system we chose barium titanate, BaTiO 3 -an oxide material with well-established alkoxide precursor chemistry, [19][20][21][22] and an interesting matrix for production of nanoparticles with attractive electric and optical characteristics through doping with rare earth cations. [15] As expected, solution thermolysis occurs directly on heating to reflux, without any special equipment required.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to mention that in all cases the obtained particles had rather exact 1:1 Ba/Ti composition, demonstrating clearly that the driving force of the reaction is the thermodynamic stability of the BaTiO 3 (s). The presence of a molecular precursor with a proper composition is apparently not a requirement, as the most easily reacting ethoxide precursor (see Scheme 1) is in reality a mixture of species with different compositions, BaTi 2 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (OEt) 10 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (EtOH) 5 [20] In the case of Ba 2 Ti 2 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (thd) 4 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (OnPr) 8 A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (nPrOH) 2 , (thd = 2,2,5,5-tetramethylheptanedionate) the reaction proceeded only to a minor extent within 24 h, apparently due to the high thermodynamic stability of this complex [15] and the need to remove the much more acidic b-diketonate ligand.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precursor and Solvent Effects in the Nonhydrolytic Synthesis of Complex Oxide Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications by the Ether Elimination (Bradley) Reaction

Pązik

Tekoriute

Håkansson³

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

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Investigation of the solvent and alkoxide precursor effect on the nonhydrolytic sol-gel synthesis of oxide nanoparticles by means of an ether elimination (Bradley) reaction indicates that the best crystallinity of the resulting oxide particles is achieved on application of aprotic ketone solvents, such as acetophenone, and of smallest possible alkoxide groups. The size of the produced primary particles is always about 5 nm caused by intrinsic mechanisms of their formation. The produced particles, possessing the composition of natural highly insoluble minerals, are biocompatible. Optical characteristics of the perovskite complex oxide nanoparticles can easily be controlled through doping with rare earth cations; for example, by Eu(3+). They can be targeted through surface modification by anchoring the directing biomolecules through a phosphate or phosphonate moiety. Testing of the distribution of Eu-doped BaTiO(3) particles, modified with ethylphosphonic acid, demonstrates their facile uptake by the plants with active fluid transport, resulting finally in their enhanced concentration within the cell membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precursor and Solvent Effects in the Nonhydrolytic Synthesis of Complex Oxide Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications by the Ether Elimination (Bradley) Reaction

Pązik

Tekoriute

Håkansson³

et al. 2009

Chemistry A European J

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“…Nevertheless, the structure of this molecule is interesting, as it contains three of the most common structure fragments, familiar from other alkoxides. The structures of several metal alkoxides containing titanium have been determined (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). In many cases, pairwise face-sharing Ti octahedra are found in these alkoxides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Determination of a New Heterometallic Oxoalkoxide: Er2Ti4O2(OC2H5)18(HOC2H5)2

Westin

Norrestam

Nygren

et al. 1998

Journal of Solid State Chemistry

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“…The above formula is call the ''logarithmic mixture rule'' 14 and is one of the basic equations in this theoretical calcula- tion. In this equation the permittivity of the overall thin film, ⑀ r , is an experimental result, and ⑀ 1 is the permittivity of a ferron which should be approximately equal to that of a polycrystalline film of the same composition.…”

Section: Dielectric Permittivity Of a Two Phase Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on Maxwell-Wagner effect 14,18 the dielectric permittivity of two phase mixture materials can be expressed as follows:…”

Section: Dielectric Permittivity Of a Two Phase Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New low temperature multiphase ferroelectric films

Bescher

Mackenzie

2001

Journal of Applied Physics

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This article describes the low-temperature synthesis of new multiphase ferroelectrics containing an inorganic ferroelectric phase entrapped in amorphous silica or in an organically modified silicate (ormosil). Sol gel derived LiNbO3 and BaTiO3 crystals were grown in SiO2 and in RSiO1.5 glass where R contains a chromophore (TDP) insensitive to hydrolysis and condensation reactions. The LiNbO3–SiO2 and BaTiO3–SiO2 compositions as well as the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 and TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 ormosils exhibit ferroelectric-like properties. This unusual characteristic is due to the presence of small, partially ordered crystallites of the ferroelectric, dispersed in the amorphous matrix. In addition to their ferroelectric properties, the ormosils also exhibit interesting optical characteristics: the TDP–BaTiO3–SiO2 materials are red, whereas the TDP–LiNbO3–SiO2 are yellow. The materials described in this article are representative of two new classes of weak ferroelectrics. In the first class, a ferroelectric is dispersed in an amorphous matrix. The second class may be called “organically-modified crystals”: small ferroelectric crystals embedded in an organically modified matrix. The fabrication of such materials is possible for inorganic crystalline phases forming at temperatures below the decomposition temperature of the organic (about 250 °C). This article also contains some theoretical considerations explaining why these materials, although amorphous by x-ray diffraction, exhibit ferroelectric-like properties.

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Application of metal alkoxides in the synthesis of oxides

Cited by 28 publications

References 11 publications

Precursor and Solvent Effects in the Nonhydrolytic Synthesis of Complex Oxide Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications by the Ether Elimination (Bradley) Reaction

Precursor and Solvent Effects in the Nonhydrolytic Synthesis of Complex Oxide Nanoparticles for Bioimaging Applications by the Ether Elimination (Bradley) Reaction

Synthesis, Characterization, and Structure Determination of a New Heterometallic Oxoalkoxide: Er2Ti4O2(OC2H5)18(HOC2H5)2

New low temperature multiphase ferroelectric films

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