Application of membrane dewatering for algal biofuel

Mo, Weiwei; Soh, Lindsay; Werber, Jay R.; Elimelech, Menachem; Zimmerman, Julie

doi:10.1016/j.algal.2015.05.018

Cited by 111 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…However, the separation of microalgae from water is an economically critical issue. Different treatment methods have been investigated including centrifugation, flotation, flocculation, sedimentation, and pressure-driven membrane processes [ 138 , 139 ]. Forward osmosis might be an alternative treatment technology here.…”

Section: Application Of Forward Osmosis Technology In Manufacturinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Haupt

Lerch

2018

Membranes

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Forward osmosis (FO) is a membrane technology that uses the osmotic pressure difference to treat two fluids at a time giving the opportunity for an energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment. Various applications are possible; one of them is the application in industrial water management. In this review paper, the basic principle of FO is explained and the state-of-the-art regarding FO application in manufacturing industries is described. Examples of FO application were found for food and beverage industry, chemical industry, pharmaceutical industry, coal processing, micro algae cultivation, textile industry, pulp and paper industry, electronic industry, and car manufacturing. FO publications were also found about heavy metal elimination and cooling water treatment. However, so far FO was applied in lab-scale experiments only. The up-scaling on pilot- or full-scale will be the essential next step. Long-term fouling behavior, membrane cleaning methods, and operation procedures are essential points that need to be further investigated. Moreover, energetic and economic evaluations need to be performed before full-scale FO can be implemented in industries.

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Section: Application Of Forward Osmosis Technology In Manufacturinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Haupt

Lerch

2018

Membranes

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“…[ 57 ] Membranes may experience fouling (clogging of pores via use), which is dependent on pore size, favoring membranes with finer pores in most cases. [ 58 ] While smaller pore sizes limit flux (rate of filtration) with pure water, the reduced fouling may justify the use of UF membranes. [ 59–61 ] Fouling may depend on system flow, whereby alternating the direction of flow into the filter [ 62 ] or using cross‐flow systems with higher bulk flow velocity [ 63 ] improve filtration performance by reducing fouling.…”

Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Filtration methods often show a 100% retention rate of cells (cells in retentate per cells in initial suspension), however, this may exclude any cell debris not captured by the membrane. [ 58 ] Recovery rate (cells available to downstream processes per cells in initial suspension) may be a more useful measure. [ 58 ] Although less frequently measured, it has been measured previously at 70–89%, [ 67 ] set at 80%, [ 68 ] or used synonymously with retention rate.…”

Section: Harvesting Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Harvesting Microalgae for Food and Energy Products

et al. 2020

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their size and physiology, and they belong to many different phylogenetic groups that are distinct from plants. [1] Microalgae are the subset of algae that are unicellular and range in size from several to a few hundred micrometers. Most microalgae diversity resides in freshwater or marine systems. Microalgae can grow in extreme environments such as deserts and polar regions, [2] and often show greater efficiency in synthesizing bioproducts compared to land plants. [3] Moreover, algae produce oxygen and sequester the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide at globally relevant scales, [4] and account for half of the oceans' net primary production. [5] They grow fast and can produce high-value biomass. [6] While microalgae are phylogenetically diverse, most biotechnology interest applies to the green algae (Chlorophyceae), diatoms (Bacillariophyceae), blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), and Eustigmatophyceae (including Nannochloropsis), which are well-characterized species for valuable bioproducts. 1.2. Microalgae as Sustainable Biofactories Microalgae have the potential to produce large amounts of valuable products sustainably, since they do not require arable land and can be produced using seawater, wastewater, or brackish water. Reduction in environmental impacts of fuels and food products will be important for the mitigation of climate change. [7] Microalgae are also being used in powerplants as a means to capture carbon dioxide and sequester it into biomass, which may provide opportunities for large-scale production of carbon-neutral energy and products. [8] Vaccines and other pharmaceutical proteins are among the most high-value products that microalgae are used to produce, as well as effectively store and orally administer those products. [9] Other high-value products derived from microalgae include cosmetics, [10] food supplements and additives, [11] cooking oils, [12] and animal feed. [13,14] These have been developed as potentially more sustainable alternatives to synthetic or animal-derived products. Microalgae also provide feedstocks for biodiesel [15] and ethanol, [16] contributing to renewable and sustainable energy resource developments that may displace fossil fuels and food-derived fuels. Genetic and synthetic biology approaches can accelerate the development of microalgae strains capable of producing novel specialty products [17-19] or producing conventional products with improved lipid content, [20] growth rate, and production efficiency. [21,22] Unlike field-grown transgenic crops, multi ple Microalgae are promising biological factories for diverse natural products. Microalgae tout high productivity, and their biomass has value in industrial products ranging from biofuels, feedstocks, food additives, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and as alternatives to synthetic or animal-derived products. However, harvesting microalgae to extract bioproducts is challenging given their small size and suspension in liquid growth media. In response, technologic developments have relied upon mechanical, chemical, thermal, and b...

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“…Therefore, low cost alternatives, natural settling, or flocculation assisted settling, must be used in at least the initial step with perhaps centrifugation for final dewatering of the now concentrated algal slurry. It might also be possible to develop a suitable membrane process for this final processing step [42][43]. A number of options are currently being explored for effective flocculation, including the use of electrical input or filamentous fungi [44][45][46][47][48].…”

Section: Algal Cultivation and Harvestingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar biofuels production with microalgae

et al. 2016

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With impending climate change and ever decreasing supplies of easily extractable fossil fuel, means to produce renewable and sustainable replacement fuels are being sought. Plants or algae appear ideal since they can use sunlight to fix CO 2 into usable fuel or fuel feedstocks. However, as the world population approaches the 10 10 (10 billion) mark, the use of agricultural land to produce fuel instead of food cannot be justified. Microalgal biofuel production is under intense investigation due to its promise as a sustainable, renewable biofuel that can be produced using non-arable land and brackish or non-potable water. Some species accumulate high levels of TAGs (triacylglycerols) that can be converted to fatty acid esters suitable as replacement diesel fuels. However, there are many technical barriers to the practical application of microalgae for biofuel production and thus a number of significant challenges need to be met before microalgal biodiesel production becomes a practical reality. These include developing cost-effective cultivation strategies, low energy requiring harvesting technologies, and energy efficient and sustainable lipid conversion technologies. The large culture volumes that will be necessary dictate that the necessary nutrients come from wastewaters, such as the effluents from secondary treatment of sewage. Economical and energy sparing harvesting will require the development of novel flocculation or floatation strategies and new methods of oil extraction/catalysis that avoid the extensive use of solvents. Recent advances in these critical areas are reviewed and some of the possible strategies for moving forward are outlined.

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Application of membrane dewatering for algal biofuel

Cited by 111 publications

References 93 publications

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Forward Osmosis Application in Manufacturing Industries: A Short Review

Harvesting Microalgae for Food and Energy Products

Solar biofuels production with microalgae

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