Application of marine biomaterials for nutraceuticals and functional foods

Abstract

Recently, a great deal of interest has been paid by the consumers towards natural bioactive compounds as functional ingredients in the diets due to their various health beneficial effects. Hence, it can be suggested that bio-processed marine products are alternative sources for synthetic ingredients that can contribute to consumer's well-being, as a part of nutraceuticals and functional foods. The ultra filtration membrane bioreactor is a novel technology to bio-process marine products. This review presents an overview of bio-processing and perspectives of bioprocessed marine products for use as nutraceuticals and functional foods.

Methods for Upstream Extraction and Chemical Characterization of Secondary Metabolites from Algae Biomass

“…Marine algae are the most significant source of non-animal Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs), where the chemical structure varies from one species to another [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The major SPs found in marine algae include fucoidan and laminarans of brown algae, carrageenan of red algae, and ulvan of green algae [50].…”

“…As highly hydrophilic components, phlorotannins exist in abundance in marine brown algae and lower amounts accumulate in red algae [49]. Ecklonia cava; edible brown algae, was seen to have effective antioxidant activity [121], which was explained by the high phenolic content [121].…”

“…Zhang et al [49] indicated various health beneficial activities of phlorotannins, including, anti-HIV [123], anti-diabetic [124], antiinflammatory [125], antihypertensive [126], radioprotective [127], antiproliferative, anti-Alzheimer's disease [128], antimicrobial [129], and antimatrix metalloproteinase activities (anti-MMP) [130]. MMPs play an important role in physiologic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) [131], which could extent to pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of ECM such as chronic inflammation, wrinkle formation, arthritis, osteoporosis, tumor invasion and metastasis [130].…”

“…MMPs play an important role in physiologic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) [131], which could extent to pathologic conditions characterized by excessive degradation of ECM such as chronic inflammation, wrinkle formation, arthritis, osteoporosis, tumor invasion and metastasis [130]. Table 1 summarizes different phlorotannins extracted from algae species and their potential applications [49] (Table 1).…”

Food Proteins and Peptides

“…These peptides can be released by GI digestion or during food processing (ripening, fermentation, cooking) and also by storage or in vitro hydrolysis by proteolytic enzymes [230,231]. [240][241][242][243]. [240][241][242][243].…”