Application of Manure Rather Than Plant-Origin Organic Fertilizers Alters the Fungal Community in Continuous Cropping Tobacco Soil

Abstract

Continuous cropping leads to the development of serious fungal diseases in tobacco plants and depleted yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), which can be mitigated by organic fertilization. Yet, we know little about how organic fertilizers affect the fungal community of continuous cropping tobacco soil. In this study, we investigated the soil fungal community after 11 years of tobacco planting with chemical fertilization (CF) or chemical fertilization combined with organic fertilizers obtained from plant or animal origin, including oil cake (CFO), straw (CFS), and farmyard fertilizer (CFM). The predominant phyla of Ascomycota (70%) and Mortierellomycota (15%) were identified in all the treatments. A significantly higher proportion of Pyrenochaetopsis and lower relative abundance of Sordariomycetes were observed in the CFM group compared to the controls. Compared to CF and non-fertilized control (CK), CFO and CFS led to higher species richness (P < 0.05), while CFM led to a less uniform fungal community, indicated by lower Shannon and higher Simpson diversity indices (P < 0.05). Pearson’s correlation and redundancy analysis suggested that fertilizations primarily influenced the fungal community by altering the soil nutrient conditions, among which soil organic carbon and total phosphorus significantly correlated with the fungal diversity and community composition (P < 0.05). Notably, FUNGuild annotation suggested that while other treatments showed no significant effect on the fungal trophic modes, CFM strongly increased the abundance of saprotrophic fungi by more than 30% (P < 0.05), thus preventing the prevalence of potential pathotypes and symbionts. The results suggest that the type of organic fertilizers is essential to the long-term effects of organic application on the fungal community, and the animal-origin manure seems to be a better choice than plant-origin materials in continuous cropping tobacco fields.

Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination Increases Panax ginseng Yield and Quality and Affects Diversity and Structure of Rhizosphere Fungal Communities

“…In this study, the application of NPK fertilizers reduced the relative abundance of Ascomycota in soil and increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota and Glomeromycota. Excitingly, other researchers have also confirmed the similar effects of chemical fertilizers on soil fungi (Zhang et al, 2021b;Su et al, 2022).…”

Bioorganic fertilizer promotes pakchoi growth and shapes the soil microbial structure

“…Previous studies also found that the addition of organic fertilizers significantly improved the material metabolism pathway and played an important role in nutrient cycling or decomposition, which was consistent with the predictions of this study ( Cai et al., 2017 ; Liao et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2022b ). Su et al. (2022) further pointed out that organic fertilizer application improved the soil structure and stimulates beneficial microorganisms, reducing the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi.…”

Cropping System Has Stronger Effect on Tobacco Soil Bacterial Community Than Fertilization

“…In this study, there were variations in the effects of different agronomic management practices on six indices (pH, SOC, TN, AP, AK, and C/N). Long-term continuous cropping generally leads to a decline in soil nutrients with the use of chemical fertilizers (Su et al, 2022). All the tested soil chemical properties were comparable between the two tillage systems; three of them decreased in the CNF and CNPK treatments (Table 1).…”