Application of Magnetoencephalography to the Study of Autism

Hurley, Robin A.; Lewine, Jeffrey D.; Jones, Gregory M.; Orrison, William W.; Taber, Katherine H.

doi:10.1176/jnp.12.1.1

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Consistent with other studies [Hadjikhani et al, 2004; Humphreys et al, 2008; Pierce, Muller, Ambroses, Allen, & Courchesne, 2001], the cortical activation pattern for different object categories (faces, buildings, and common objects) in the autism individuals was highly irregular, relative to the typical pattern [Hasson, Harel, Levy, & Malach, 2003], with hyperactivation for the objects and hypoactivation for the face stimuli [also see Humphreys et al, 2008; Schultz et al, 2000]. Given this irregularity, identifying a functionally defined face‐ and object‐related ROI for each individual with autism could not be done reliably at a corrected threshold.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This experiment was composed of 32 epochs (15 sec long) of movie clips, divided into four categories: shots of faces under various natural situations (e.g., walking in the street), navigation of the camera through a building area, navigation of the camera through open fields, and movie clips of miscellaneous images from various object categories [machines and cars; for additional information, see Hasson et al, 2004]. This task has been used successfully to evaluate cortical activity in autism [Humphreys, Hasson, Avidan, Minshew, & Behrmann, 2008].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real‐life viewing conditions

et al. 2009

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Scientific abstract Although widespread alterations in cortical structure have been documented in individuals with autism, the functional implications of these alterations remain to be determined. Here, we adopted a novel inter-subject (inter-SC) and intra-subject (intra-SC) correlation technique to quantify the reliability of the spatio-temporal responses of functional MR activity across the entire cortex in adults with autism during free-viewing of a popular audio-visual movie. Whereas these complex stimuli evoke highly reliable shared response time courses in typical individuals, cortical activity was more variable across individuals with autism (low inter-SC). Interestingly, when we measured the responses within an autistic individual across repeated presentations of the movie, we observed a unique, idiosyncratic response time course that was reliably replicated within each individual (high intra-SC). Encouragingly, after filtering out the idiosyncratic responses from each individual time course, we were able to uncover a more typical response profile, which resembles the shared responses seen in the typical subjects. These findings indicate that, under conditions approximating real-life situations, the neural activity of individuals with autism is characterized by individualistic responses that, although reliable within an autistic individual, are both highly variable across autistic individuals and different from the responses observed within the typical subjects. These idiosyncratic responses may underlie the atypical behaviors observed in autism. At the same time, we are encouraged by the presence of the more typical activation pattern lurking beneath these idiosyncratic fluctuations. Taken together, these findings may pave the way to future research aimed at characterizing the idiosyncratic response profiles, which, in turn, might contribute to a better understanding of the heterogeneity of the autism spectrum and its diagnosis.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real‐life viewing conditions

et al. 2009

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“…Finally, a case report of MEG data in an autistic man further documents timing and amplitude differences (Hurley et al, 2000). This case report looked at the MEG at 100 ms latency in an autistic 33-year-old male.…”

Section: Behavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Neural dynamics of autistic behaviors: Cognitive, emotional, and timing substrates.

Grossberg¹,

Seidman²

2006

Psychological Review

119

112

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What brain mechanisms underlie autism and how do they give rise to autistic behavioral symptoms? This article describes a neural model, called the iSTART model, which proposes how cognitive, emotional, timing, and motor processes may interact together to create and perpetuate autistic symptoms. These model processes were originally developed to explain data concerning how the brain controls normal behaviors. The iSTART model shows how autistic behavioral symptoms may arise from prescribed breakdowns in these brain processes.

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et al. 2000

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In this study, electrical conductivities of compact, spongiosum, and bulk layers of cadaver skull were determined at varying electric fields at room temperature. Current was applied and withdrawn over the top and bottom surfaces of each sample and potential drop across different layers was measured using the four-electrode method. We developed a model, which considers of variations in skull thicknesses, to determine the conductivity of the tri-layer skull and its individual anatomical structures. The results indicate that the spongiform and the two compact layers of the skull have significantly different and inhomogeneous conductivities ranging from 0.76 +/- .14 to 11.5 +/- 1.8 milliS/m.

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Application of Magnetoencephalography to the Study of Autism

Cited by 6 publications

References 22 publications

Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real‐life viewing conditions

Shared and idiosyncratic cortical activation patterns in autism revealed under continuous real‐life viewing conditions

Neural dynamics of autistic behaviors: Cognitive, emotional, and timing substrates.

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