Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Rapid Detection and In Situ Diagnosis in Clinical Oncology

Abstract

Screening, monitoring, and diagnosis are critical in oncology treatment. However, there are limitations with the current clinical methods, notably the time, cost, and special facilities required for radioisotope-based methods. An alternative approach, which uses magnetic beads, offers faster analyses with safer materials over a wide range of oncological applications. Magnetic beads have been used to detect extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the serum of pancreatic cancer patients with statistically different EV levels in preoperative, postoperative, and negative control samples. By incorporating fluorescence, magnetic beads have been used to quantitatively measure prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a prostate cancer biomarker, which is sensitive enough even at levels found in healthy patients. Immunostaining has also been incorporated with magnetic beads and compared with conventional immunohistochemical methods to detect lesions; the results suggest that immunostained magnetic beads could be used for pathological diagnosis during surgery. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), can detect sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer in a clinical setting, as well as those in gallbladder cancer in animal models, in a surgery-applicable timeframe. Ultimately, recent research into the applications of magnetic beads in oncology suggests that the screening, monitoring, and diagnosis of cancers could be improved and made more accessible through the adoption of this technology.

Near-Infrared-Light-Activatable Proximity Labeling of Bead-Binding Proteins

“…Moreover, swelling and shrinkage of the beads allows hydrophobic dyes to be encapsulated stably within the polymer layer of the beads via non-covalent interactions. [30,31] We therefore applied this technique to the internal sealing of hydrophobic NIR-dye molecules in such FG beads (Figure 1A). We first investigated various NIR-dye structures, as shown in Figure S2.…”

Parallel Multichannel Assessment of Rotationally Manipulated Magnetic Nanoparticles

“…MNPs have been shown to be extremely valuable tools, with a wide variety of uses in engineering 16 , 34 , 35 and medicine. 1 , 36–38 They have been utilized as reusable catalysts, 39 , 40 in situ diagnostic agents, 41 contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, 42 and for therapeutic hyperthermia 14 , 16 , 21 , 43 , 44 – to name but a few noteworthy examples. In response to the application of a magnetic field, MNPs form chains then clusters which move at varying speeds depending on the magnetic properties of the particles, internal particle–particle interactions, particle–surface interactions, and magnetic field conditions.…”

Magnetic nanosystem a tool for targeted delivery and diagnostic application: Current challenges and recent advancement

“…In the influence of the external magnetic field, protons of hydrogen aligned and based on low as well as high energy spin could form the images at different bangles. ( Onishi et al, 2022 ). MNPs were proven a potential carrier for MRI because of their excellent contrast agents property and target-specific ability.…”