Application of magnetic nanoparticle for controlled tissue assembly and tissue engineering

Abstract

Magnetic nanoparticles have been subjected to extensive studies in the past few decades owing to their promising potentials in biomedical applications. The versatile intrinsic properties of magnetic nanoparticles enable their use in many biomedical applications. Recently, magnetic nanoparticles were utilized to control the cell's function. In addition, intracellular delivery of magnetic nanoparticles allowed cell's positioning by appropriate use of magnetic field and created cellular cluster. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles have been utilized to assemble more complex tissue structures than those that are achieved by conventional scaffold-based tissue engineering strategies. This review addresses recent work in the use magnetic nanoparticle for controlled tissue assembly and complex tissue formation.

The effect of magnetic stimulation on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human stem cells derived from the adipose tissue (hASCs)

“…The magnetic field is thought to activate intracellular pathways that can convert external mechanical stresses into intracellular biochemical cues and direct cell differentiation. Moreover, a magnetic force-based approach has the leverage of a remote control with spatial and/or temporal precision [17].…”

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…MNP‐based approaches and scaffold production methods have been developed with the main objective to control cell function. Cell functions are mainly controlled by bioactive and growth factors and mechanic transduction pathways (for example, by mechanical stress) that can influence and control the cell behavior by the conversion of mechanical stress into intracellular biochemical cues . The first use of MNPs for intracellular labeling was reported in 1993; however, only in 2000, they were applied to stem and progenitor cells .…”

“…It should be noted that for the mechanic transduction studies, the most commonly used magnetic particles are iron oxide particles because they are more easy to synthesize by coprecipitation from iron salts . This approach allows the remote control of the mechanic transduction pathway with spatial and/or temporal precision in order to modulate the cell behavior, such as by cell stretching, micropost manipulation, localized stimulus at the single‐cell level, or cell receptors' activation . These techniques that can apply mechanical forces directly to the cell or to the mechanoresponsive receptors of individual cells are important for a wide variety of tissue engineering applications, because they do not require the scaffold deformation .…”

Applications of exchange coupled bi-magnetic hard/soft and soft/hard magnetic core/shell nanoparticles

“…In fact, the relevance of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine, e.g., in hyperthermia [434,435], drug delivery [436,437], biosensors [438,439], protein and cell manipulation (e.g., magnetic separation) [440,441], or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [442,443], among others, has already been widely demonstrated. In fact, the unique properties of nanoparticles make them excellent platforms to combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in a single entity, i.e., theranostics [444].…”