Application of LIX 84 for Separation of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt in Ammoniacal Leaching of Ocean Nodules

Kumar, Vinay; Pandey, B.D.; Bagchi, D

doi:10.2320/matertrans1989.32.157

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We therefore assumed that NH 3 was extracted as HR･NH 3 , as reported by Flett and Melling [19]. (6) where i is the order of aggregation and a positive integer. The successive aggregation constant, K m , which is assumed to be independent of i, is given by…”

Section: Results and Discussion 31 Ammonia Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although this process has been extensively studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], quantitative studies of the equilibria are scarce. Flett and Melling [19] are the only investigators to have analyzed ammonia extraction; they showed good agreement between experimental results obtained with a -hydroxyoxime (LIX65N, 10 vol%) in an aliphatic diluent and the results obtained with a model that assumed the formation of a monomeric 1:1 extractant/ammonia adduct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Wang

Narita

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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Solvent extraction of valuable metals such as copper and nickel is often carried out from ammoniacal alkaline solutions with chelating extractants, during which coextraction of ammonia is inevitable. In the present study, as a basis of modeling of the whole ammoniacal extraction process, the equilibrium distribution ratios of ammonia between a 3 mol L -1 ammonium nitrate solution and LIX84I (the active component of which is 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime, HR) dissolved in a nonpolar diluent were measured as a function of pH and LIX84I concentration at 298 K. We successfully modeled the measurement results by assuming the formation of two associated species, (HR) n ･(NH 3 ) and (HR･NH 3 ) n , the aggregation of HR, and the dissociation of NH 4 + . Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results suggested that ammonia was extracted via hydrogen bonding with HR, and these results were in accord with the proposed equilibrium model. IntroductionSolvent extraction is a commonly used method for hydrometallurgical recovery of metal ions because of its high separation efficiency and relatively low cost. Acidic solutions are the usual media for solvent extraction, but ammoniacal alkaline solutions are sometimes employed for the processing of copper and nickel, owing to the ability of these metal ions to form complexes with ammonia.This process consists of the following steps: (i) Extraction of both copper and nickel from the ammoniacal alkaline solutions with a chelating reagent such as a β-hydroxyoxime or a β-diketone; metal extraction is accompanied by ammonia extraction. (ii)Scrubbing of coextracted ammonia with dilute acid to avoid the accumulation of ammonium salts in the electrolyte in the subsequent step; these salts tend to precipitate, owing to theirSelective stripping of nickel from the organic phase with an acid at a relatively low concentration. (iv)Stripping of copper with an acid at a higher concentration and simultaneous regeneration of the extractant. Although this process has been extensively studied [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18], quantitative studies of the equilibria are scarce. Flett and Melling [19] are the only investigators to have analyzed ammonia extraction; they showed good agreement between experimental results obtained with a -hydroxyoxime (LIX65N, 10 vol%) in an aliphatic diluent and the results obtained with a model that assumed the formation of a monomeric 1:1 extractant/ammonia adduct. As for metal extraction, Rice et al. [20] studied nickel extraction with SME-529 (the former brand name of LIX84I). Tanaka and Alam [21] conducted a detailed study of the equilibrium for nickel extraction with LIX84I and obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental and calculated results; however, these investigators did not consider ammonia extraction during the analysis.Our ultimate goal is to establish a quantitative equilibrium model for the ammoniacal process, including extraction of copper, nickel, and ammonia with LIX84I and their stripping or scrubbing, t...

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Section: Results and Discussion 31 Ammonia Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Wang

Narita

et al. 2017

SERDJ

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“…Solvent extraction is a common means of extracting copper(II) from ammoniacal alkaline solutions. Chelating agents such as β-hydroxyxoime and β-diketone have been used as the extractant to separate copper [1][2][3][4] from ores 5) , deep-sea mineral resources such as ferromanganese nodules [6][7][8][9] , spent etching solutions [10][11][12][13] , and waste printed circuit boards 14) . However, when copper(II) is extracted from weakly alkaline solutions, small amounts of ammonia are also extracted, which must be removed by scrubbing with a dilute acid prior to stripping of the extract to avoid precipitation of ammonium salt into the stripping solution 5) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equilibrium Modeling of the Extraction of Copper and Ammonia from Alkaline Media with the Extractant LIX84I

Wang

Narita

et al. 2017

Mater. Trans.

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Here we examined the equilibrium distribution ratios of copper(II) and ammonia between an ammonium salt solution (nitrate, sulfate, or chloride) and the extractant LIX84I (active component, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylacetophenone oxime) dissolved in a non-polar diluent Shellsol D70 at pH 2-10 and 298 K. The effects of pH, ammonium salt concentration in the aqueous phase, counter anion type, and phase ratio on the co-extraction of copper and ammonia were investigated. The values of the extraction constant of ammonia and the distribution constant of copper-oxime complex were independent of the type and concentration of ammonium salt, and the logarithm of the extraction constant of copper linearly increased with the ionic strength of the aqueous phase. Consequently, we constructed an equilibrium model that enabled quantitative calculation of the distribution ratios of copper and ammonia at a given equilibrium pH. Full loading of copper was found to minimize the accumulation of ammonia in the organic phase, which may reduce the need for ammonia scrubbing in practical operations.

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“…LIX84 [8], LIX84-I [9], Acorga M5640 [10] [11], and LIX84-INS [12]) have been studied. Solvent extraction technique has been successfully implemented for separation of nickel from cobalt in ammoniacal solution at Queensland Nickel Pty Ltd., Yabulu and Cawse Nickel Mine of Norilsk Nickel, both in Australia [12]- [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from Ammonia-Ammonium Carbonate Solution by Using LIX 84-ICNS

Mubarok¹,

Yunita²

2015

IJNM

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In the present paper, separation of nickel and cobalt in ammonia-ammonium carbonate solution that simulates pregnant leach solution of Caron Process by solvent extraction using LIX 84-ICNS was studied. LIX 84-ICNS is a novel extractant which is still being studied, especially for nickel and cobalt separation in ammonia-ammonium carbonate solution. A series of solvent extraction tests were performed at various equilibrium pH, temperature, extractant concentration, and volume ratio of organic to aqueous solution (

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Application of LIX 84 for Separation of Copper, Nickel and Cobalt in Ammoniacal Leaching of Ocean Nodules

Cited by 16 publications

References 5 publications

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Modeling of Equilibria for the Solvent Extraction of Ammonia with LIX84I

Equilibrium Modeling of the Extraction of Copper and Ammonia from Alkaline Media with the Extractant LIX84I

Solvent Extraction of Nickel and Cobalt from Ammonia-Ammonium Carbonate Solution by Using LIX 84-ICNS

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