Application of light microscopical and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry in the study of goblet cell carcinoid in the appendix

Gulubova, Maya; Yovchev, Y.; Vlaykova, Tatyana; Hadjipetkov, Philip; Prangova, Diana K; Popharitov, A.

doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-15

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ultrastructural immuno- histiochemistry staining has shown tumor nests resembling normal crypts in the submucosa. Separate goblet cell and neuroendocrine cells are often located in close proximity to each other[24] (Table 1). …”

Section: Immunochemistry and Mutational Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix: Tumor biology, mutations and management strategies

Shenoy¹

2016

WJGS

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Malignant neoplasms of the appendix are rare and represent less than 1% of gastrointestinal cancers. Goblet cell carcinoids (GCC) tumors are a distinctive group of heterogeneous appendiceal neoplasm that exhibit unique clinical and pathologic features. This review focuses on the current diagnostic procedures, pathogenesis, possible signaling mechanisms and treatment options for GCC. Perspectives for future research are discussed. The tumor likely arises from pluripotent intestinal epithelial crypt base stem cells. Previous findings of Notch signaling as a tumor suppressor in Neuroendocrine tumors may have a similar role in this tumor too. Loss of Notch signaling may be the driver mutation with other successive downstream mutations likely favors them into progressing and behavior similar to poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with minimal neuroendocrine differentiation. A multidisciplinary approach is suggested for optimal outcomes. Surgery remains the main treatment modality. Simple appendectomy may be sufficient in early stages while right hemicolectomy is recommended for advanced tumors. Cytoreductive surgery with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy may improve survival in a select few with metastatic peritoneal disease. These tumors have an unpredictable behavior even in early stages and local recurrence and delayed metastases may be seen. Lifelong surveillance is warranted.

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Section: Immunochemistry and Mutational Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix: Tumor biology, mutations and management strategies

Shenoy¹

2016

WJGS

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“…However, the pattern of positivity is focal and patchy, unlike that in carcinoid tumors, where it is strong and diffuse [17] . Bombesin, endorphin, gastrin and secretin were found to be negative [29] . S100, Leu7 (CD57) and NCAM (CD56) staining around tumor cell nests is usually not identified in these tumors (unlike carcinoids) [8] .…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The granules contain chromogranin reaction products, and originating from ovoid or discoid EC2 type and D type, and are som etimes difficult to find [24,29] . Table 1 highlights the clinical and pathological dif ferences between GCC, typical carcinoid tumor and adeno carcinoma of the appendix.…”

Section: Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Goblet cell carcinoid tumors of the appendix: An overview

Roy

Chetty²

2010

WJGO

101

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Goblet cell carcinoid is an enigmatic and rare tumor involving the appendix almost exclusively. Since its identification in 1969, understanding of this disease has evolved greatly, but issues regarding its histogenesis, nomenclature and management are still conjectural. The published English language literature from 1966 to 2009 was retrieved via PubMed and reviewed. Various other names have been used for this entity such as adenocarcinoid, mucinous carcinoid, crypt cell carcinoma, and mucin-producing neuroendocrine tumor, although none have been found to be completely satisfactory or universally accepted. The tumor is thought to arise from pluripotent intestinal epithelial crypt-base stem cells by dual neuroendocrine and mucinous differentiation. GCCs present in the fifth to sixth decade and show no definite sex predominance. The most common clinical presentation is acute appendicitis, followed by abdominal pain and a mass. Fifty percent of the female patients present with ovarian metastases. The histologic hallmark of this entity is the presence of clusters of goblet cells in the lamina propria or submucosa stain for various neuroendocrine markers, though the intensity is often patchy. Atypia is usually minimal, but carcinomatous growth patterns may be seen. These may be of signet ring cell type or poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Recently molecular studies have shown these tumors to lack the signatures of adenocarcinoma but they have some changes similar to that of ileal carcinoids (allelic loss of chromosome 11q, 16q and 18q). The natural history of GCC is intermediate between carcinoids and adenocarcinomas of the appendix. The 5-year overall survival is 76%. The most important prognostic factor is the stage of disease. Appendectomy and right hemicolectomy are the main modalities of treatment, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in select cases. There is some debate about the surgical approach for these tumors, and a summary of published series and recommendations are provided.

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“…They were focally positive for chromogranin B and synaptophysin. However 5% to 25% of cases were entirely negative for neuroendocrine markers [7][8][9][10][11]. Immunohistochemical studies of this case revealed positive staining with antibodies against CKAE1/AE3, CK20, focal positive staining with antibody against chromogranin B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Quiz Correct answer to the quiz. check your diagnosis Goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix – a

Ptaszyński

Bartczak²,

Kołodziej³

et al. 2012

pjp

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Application of light microscopical and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry in the study of goblet cell carcinoid in the appendix

Abstract: Background: Goblet cell carcinoids appear less frequently in the appendix than do other carcinoids. In the presented work a case with a goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix is described.

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix: Tumor biology, mutations and management strategies

Goblet cell carcinoids of the appendix: Tumor biology, mutations and management strategies

Goblet cell carcinoid tumors of the appendix: An overview

Quiz Correct answer to the quiz. check your diagnosis Goblet cell carcinoid of the vermiform appendix – a

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