Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to assess palladium catalyst deactivation

The Use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to Study Catalyst Deactivation of V2O5/γ‐Al2O3 as Compared to Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry

“…Major elemental peaks of V I with high intensities were 411.19, 411.51, 411.64, 412.34, 412.80, 413.19, 413.44, 437.92, 438.47, 438.99, 439.52 nm. For Pd I, major elemental peaks were 340.45, 342.12, 343.34, 344.13, 363.46, 369.03 nm …”

“…Argon gas injection with 99.9 % purity was used in order to reduce the effect of atmospheric gas and improve spectral peaks. The flow rate of gas was 15 L · min –1 that was focused on the sample surface . Each peak in spectrum represents a unique atomic, ionic or molecular.…”

“…The LIBS methods have been used in recent years to study the shelf‐life and performance of energetic compounds . It was shown that the LIBS method can be applied to the study of catalyst deactivation of Pd(OH) 2 /C catalyst for the synthesis of HBIW . The purpose of this work is to study the deactivation of V 2 O 5 /γ‐Al 2 O 3 by LIBS method.…”

“…The purpose of this work is to study the deactivation of V 2 O 5 /γ‐Al 2 O 3 by LIBS method. The results are compared with the deactivation of Pd(OH) 2 /C catalyst . In addition, determining the concentration of vanadium and palladium in catalyst samples greatly are improved by the ability of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP‐OES).…”

Application of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy as a Novel Approach for Monitoring of the Activity of Nano Palladium Catalyst as Compared to Two Well‐known Methods

“…It was also used to assess shelf life and performance of hazardous energetic compounds . It was recently demonstrated that deactivation of Pd(OH) 2 /C as fresh catalyst in debenzylation reaction of hexabenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HBIW) for producing hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) can be distinguished by elemental information of analyzing the spectral content of plasma, which results from the interaction of a high power laser pulse with a sample of spent catalyst Pd/C using LIBS method . LIBS may be introduced a superior technique to others because it provides the benefits such as nondestructive, no need to initial preparation, simple, inexpensive, no spectral and matrix interference, and suitable for all types of material (solid, liquid, and gas) .…”