Application of laser backscattering for monitoring of palm oil crystallisation from melt

In situ CHARACTERISATION OF PALM OLEIN CRYSTALLISATION BEHAVIOUR BY FOCUSED BEAM REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENT (FBRM)

“…This is plausibly due to the insufficient supercooling at 15°C which only permits higher melting TAG within palm olein such as POP, to crystallise in limited amounts and any further crystallisation then proceeds on these initial crystals, allowing them to grow into larger crystal entities. The same observation was reported by Hishamuddin et al (2011) in their study on palm oil.…”

“…The BVM detected a cloud formation in the bulk which was attributed to a large number of small crystals having sizes below the FBRM detection limit. Hishamuddin et al (2011) subsequently demonstrated that the FBRM technique was capable of providing valuable information on the dynamic evolution of particle characteristics and detection of multiple events related to the crystallisation and melting of palm oil. They successfully characterised multiple crystallisation events such as primary and secondary nucleation, crystal growth, agglomeration and deagglomeration of solid crystals within the palm oil system based on the total particle counts, mean chord length and CLD data obtained from FBRM.…”

Melt suspension crystallization for purification of phosphoric acid

“…Because of lack of online monitoring equipment, investigation of crystal size and distribution in the crystallization equipment was not performed, which is important to aid in the design of subsequent downstream processes such as separation of solid and liquid phases and is also crucial in determining end‐product quality. Process analytical technologies involve focused beam reflectance measurement, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and the newly introduced bulk video imaging (BVI) method . Compared with the previous two technologies, the BVI method has comparable performance and can be implemented as an external sensor providing significantly lower sensitivity to mixing conditions, and the contamination‐related problems are also circumvented, so this method is easily implementable in industrial environments …”

“…Because of the heating of crystal bed, the crystal bed moved slowly through a combined effect of melting and self-gravity, so a moving crystal bed was formed in the column. Part of the molten crystals was extracted as product (21), and the remaining was refluxed to the column upwardly with a peristaltic pump (18) and to contact with the descending crystals. Through this countercurrent contact with the reflux, the crystals partially melted and washed by the reflux and finally arrived at the melting section, at the bottom of which there was a multiporous plate for retention of residual crystals, whereas the melt containing impurities was extracted as residual (19).…”

Insight in ultrasonic shear reflection parameters by studying temperature and limonene influence on cocoa butter crystallization

“…Laser backscattering can be applied to monitor changes in particle size 99 distribution during crystallization, and although the total particle count correlates well with the 100 amount of crystallized fat, it does not measure the solid fat content in a direct way and merely 101 serves as an estimation (Hishamuddin et al, 2011 The experimental set-up for the shear reflectometry measurements is extensively described in All measurements were carried out at least in triplicate. …”