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Abstract:Application of large-scale ring shear tests to the analysis of tsunamigenic landslides at the Stromboli volcano, ItalyAbstract The island of Stromboli (Southern Italy) is a 4,000-m-high volcanic edifice about 900 m above sea level. Most of the NW flank is formed by a wide scar (Sciara del Fuoco) filled by irregular alternations of volcaniclastic layers and thin lava flows. Between 29 and 30 December 2002, a submarine and a subaerial landslide involved the northernmost part of the Sciara del Fuoco slope and cau… Show more
“…The influence of dyke intrusion and deposition of the 2007 lava delta have been analyzed through stress-strain finite difference analyses (FLAC and FLAC3D codes). Physical and mechanical properties of the volcaniclastic materials used in the model are based on the results of comprehensive laboratory tests reported in previous studies (Verrucci et al 2019;Rotonda et al 2010;Boldini et al 2009;Tommasi et al 2005). The estimate of the strength and stiffness assumed for the rock mass forming the lava delta is based on laboratory tests conducted on the subaerial lava flows by Rotonda et al (2010) and data on rock mass structure collected during scuba surveys of the submarine scarps of the lava flow.…”
Small-scale landslides affecting insular and coastal volcanoes are a relevant geohazard for the surrounding infrastructures and communities, because they can directly impact them or generate local but devastating tsunamis, as demonstrated by several historical accounts. Here, a review of such landslides and associated predisposing/triggering mechanisms is presented, with particular reference to the submarine volcanic flanks. We take into account, as a case study, the instability phenomena occurring on the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF, hereafter), a 2-km wide subaerial-submarine collapse scar filled by volcaniclastic products, which form the NW flank of the Stromboli volcano. Because of its steepness (> 30°) and the high amount of loose volcanic material funneled from the summit crater towards the sea, the submarine part of the SdF is prone to instability phenomena recurring at different spatial and temporal scale. Particularly, landsides with a volume of some millions of cubic meters, as the 2002 tsunamigenic landslide, can repeatedly affect the submarine slope. Based on the integration of 11 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) of morpho-bathymetric monitoring of the SdF with geotechnical characterization of volcaniclastic and lava flow materials, stability analyses of the subaerial and submarine slope and previous literature studies, we analyze the role of different triggering mechanisms in controlling the occurrence and size of submarine slope failures at the SdF, such as dykes intrusion as occurred in 2002 or the emplacement of a large delta as occurred in 2007.
“…The influence of dyke intrusion and deposition of the 2007 lava delta have been analyzed through stress-strain finite difference analyses (FLAC and FLAC3D codes). Physical and mechanical properties of the volcaniclastic materials used in the model are based on the results of comprehensive laboratory tests reported in previous studies (Verrucci et al 2019;Rotonda et al 2010;Boldini et al 2009;Tommasi et al 2005). The estimate of the strength and stiffness assumed for the rock mass forming the lava delta is based on laboratory tests conducted on the subaerial lava flows by Rotonda et al (2010) and data on rock mass structure collected during scuba surveys of the submarine scarps of the lava flow.…”
Small-scale landslides affecting insular and coastal volcanoes are a relevant geohazard for the surrounding infrastructures and communities, because they can directly impact them or generate local but devastating tsunamis, as demonstrated by several historical accounts. Here, a review of such landslides and associated predisposing/triggering mechanisms is presented, with particular reference to the submarine volcanic flanks. We take into account, as a case study, the instability phenomena occurring on the Sciara del Fuoco (SdF, hereafter), a 2-km wide subaerial-submarine collapse scar filled by volcaniclastic products, which form the NW flank of the Stromboli volcano. Because of its steepness (> 30°) and the high amount of loose volcanic material funneled from the summit crater towards the sea, the submarine part of the SdF is prone to instability phenomena recurring at different spatial and temporal scale. Particularly, landsides with a volume of some millions of cubic meters, as the 2002 tsunamigenic landslide, can repeatedly affect the submarine slope. Based on the integration of 11 years (2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013) of morpho-bathymetric monitoring of the SdF with geotechnical characterization of volcaniclastic and lava flow materials, stability analyses of the subaerial and submarine slope and previous literature studies, we analyze the role of different triggering mechanisms in controlling the occurrence and size of submarine slope failures at the SdF, such as dykes intrusion as occurred in 2002 or the emplacement of a large delta as occurred in 2007.
“…A bulk density of 1.0 g/cm 3 was used for (ρ s -ρ w ) representing sand in water (Hamilton & Bachman, 1982;Hamilton et al, 1956). We used 25°-40° for internal friction angle Φ typical of volcaniclastic sands and calcareous ooze (Boldini et al, 2009;Lee et al, 1994).…”
Section: Assessment Of Cohesions Of Steep Depositsmentioning
“…The use of precision machining technology and servo control systems can ensure the implementation and conversion of drained and undrained test conditions in the shear test, and there is no leakage problem, which ensures the accuracy and authenticity of the test results. Further detailed information on the design and construction of the ring shear apparatus, as well as the operation method, can be found in the literature 17 – 23 . Figure 7 Ring shear apparatus.…”
Sliding liquefaction is considered to be the cause of high-speed and long-distance sliding of some homogeneous loess landslides in western China. However, there is still a lack of necessary experimental research and analysis on the effects of sliding liquefaction on these landslides. In this work, the effects of sliding liquefaction on irrigation-induced, high-speed and long-distance loess landslides on the South Jingyang Tableland area in China are studied by performing large-scale ring shear tests and using the sled mode. The results are as follows. (1) There are two kinds of long-runout sliding modes of loess landslides on the South Jingyang Tableland: sliding along the terrace surface and sliding within the saturated terrace alluvium, which is associated with sliding liquefaction. Both sliding modes can lead to long-runout sliding. (2) There are some differences in the inclination of the sliding surface between the two sliding modes. Based on the inclination of the sliding surface, the corresponding sliding mode can be distinguished. (3) Under the two sliding modes, the large shear mechanical properties of the two-layer soil composed of loess and alluvial sandy silt show significant differences. The friction between the loess and dry terrace alluvium increases with increasing normal stress and shear rate, while the friction between the loess and saturated terrace alluvium presents the opposite trend. The results show that the sliding distances under different sliding modes present opposite trends with the change in sliding speed. (4) Based on the test results from the ring shear tests and the morphological characteristics of the sliding surface, the sliding mode and sliding distance of a loess landslide can be identified and predicted.
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