Application of Kubelka-Munk model on the optical characterization of translucent dental zirconia

Schabbach, Luciana M.; Santos, Bruno C. dos; Bortoli, L.S. De; Fredel, Márcio C.; Henriques, Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123994

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The transparency was measured by means of the internal transmittance (T i ), applying the Kubelka–Munk theory of the multiple dispersion of reflection spectrum given the reflection spectra of both black and white backgrounds. The CIE L*a*b* (CIELAB) color coordinates, chromatic parameters chroma (C ab * ) and hue (h ab * ), and total color difference (∆E ab *) were obtained by considering illuminant D65 and observer 10° from the reflectance of an infinitely thick layer of the material using Equations (1)–(6) [ 26 , 27 ].

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Thermoformed Bilayer Trays of Paper and Renewable Succinic Acid Derived Biopolyester Blends and Their Application to Preserve Fresh Pasta

et al. 2023

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The present study reports on the development by thermoforming of highly sustainable trays based on a bilayer structure composed of paper substrate and a film made of a blend of partially bio-based poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA). The incorporation of the renewable succinic acid derived biopolyester blend film slightly improved the thermal resistance and tensile strength of paper, whereas its flexural ductility and puncture resistance were notably enhanced. Furthermore, in terms of barrier properties, the incorporation of this biopolymer blend film reduced the water and aroma vapor permeances of paper by two orders of magnitude, while it endowed the paper structure with intermediate oxygen barrier properties. The resultant thermoformed bilayer trays were, thereafter, originally applied to preserve non-thermally treated Italian artisanal fresh pasta, “fusilli calabresi” type, which was stored under refrigeration conditions for 3 weeks. Shelf-life evaluation showed that the application of the PBS–PBSA film on the paper substrate delayed color changes and mold growth for 1 week, as well as reduced drying of fresh pasta, resulting in acceptable physicochemical quality parameters within 9 days of storage. Lastly, overall migration studies performed with two food simulants demonstrated that the newly developed paper/PBS–PBSA trays are safe since these successfully comply with current legislation on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food.

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…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Characterization of Thermoformed Bilayer Trays of Paper and Renewable Succinic Acid Derived Biopolyester Blends and Their Application to Preserve Fresh Pasta

et al. 2023

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“…In consequence, upward and downward radiance become almost identical at each interface. For this reason, the numerator and denominator of equation (1) tends to be equal for each internal reflectance, resulting in an internal reflectance close to one when d tends to zero.…”

Section: Layer With Finite Thicknessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many fabrication processes rely on the use of translucent materials, i.e., materials in which light can enter deeply and be scattered progressively along its path. This is the case for example with some polymer inks in 3D printing, dental repair materials [1], [2], human tissues, some ceramics, and many other materials for which color management is essential. The issue with these translucent materials is that the color and general appearance depend a lot on the object's thickness, in a way that a simple light scattering model -the Kubelka-Munk (2-flux) model [3], or even the 4-flux model [4] cannot predict accurately.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light scattering in translucent layers: angular distribution and internal reflections at flat interfaces

Gautheron¹,

Clerc²,

Duveiller³

et al. 2022

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Optical characterization and appearance prediction of translucent materials is needed in several fields of engineering such as computer graphics, dental restorations or 3D printing technologies. In the case of strongly diffusing materials, flux transfer models like the Kubelka-Munk model (2-flux) or 4-flux model have been successfully used to this aim for decades. However, they lead to inaccurate prediction of the color variations of translucent objects of different thicknesses. Indeed, as they assume Lambertian fluxes at any depth within the material and in particular at the bordering interfaces, they fail to model the internal reflectance at the interfaces, penalizing the accuracy of the optical parameter extraction. The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of translucency on light angular distribution and corresponding internal reflectances, by the mean of the radiative transfer equation, which describes more rigorously the impact of the scattering on the light propagation. It turns out that the light angular distribution at the bordering interfaces, assumed to be flat, is far from being Lambertian, and the internal reflectance may vary a lot according to the layer's thickness, refractive index, scattering and absorption coefficients. This work not only enables to better understand the impact of scattering within a translucent layer but also invites to revisit the well-known Saunderson correction used in 2-or 4-flux models.

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“…The electrical energy band structures of carbon nitride samples, determined by the above-discussed microstructure, are illustrated in Figure 3a. Based on the UV−vis absorption spectra in Figure 2b, the band-gap values were obtained by means of the Kubelka−Munk function, 28 as shown in Figure 3b. It can be seen that the band-gap values for all PCN-Ax fluctuate slightly around 2.00 eV, but they are much lower than 2.70 eV for GCN.…”

Section: Modulation Of the Energy Bandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Key Role of Valence Band Position in Porous Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Xie

Dong

et al. 2022

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The microstructure, electrical energy band, and photocatalytic properties of carbon nitride were regulated and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and UV–vis methods. Using oxygen-containing functionalization, equivalent overpotentials for oxygen and hydrogen production were realized in porous and amorphous carbon nitride with a constant narrow band gap. As the valence band position in such carbon nitride changes only from +1.51 to +1.67 eV with the increase in oxygen-containing functional groups, the oxygen production increased from 5.5 to 9.3 μmol with 3 h of irradiation, and the hydrogen production increased from 75.4 to 143.9 μmol in spite of the negative effect caused by the concurrent drop in the conduction band. The valence band position plays a very critical role in combining oxidation with the reduction half-reaction of photocatalysis.

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Application of Kubelka-Munk model on the optical characterization of translucent dental zirconia

Cited by 17 publications

References 33 publications

Development and Characterization of Thermoformed Bilayer Trays of Paper and Renewable Succinic Acid Derived Biopolyester Blends and Their Application to Preserve Fresh Pasta

Development and Characterization of Thermoformed Bilayer Trays of Paper and Renewable Succinic Acid Derived Biopolyester Blends and Their Application to Preserve Fresh Pasta

Light scattering in translucent layers: angular distribution and internal reflections at flat interfaces

Key Role of Valence Band Position in Porous Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

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