Application of KLM Model for an Ultrasonic Through-Transmission Method

Kim, Geonwoo; Seo, Mu-Kyung; Choi, Namkyoung; Baek, Kwang Sae; Kim, Ki-Bok

doi:10.1007/s12541-019-00050-y

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The backing materials act like a mechanical damper that absorbs the ultrasonic waves generated on the back side of the piezo-electric element. It also determines the bandwidth of the response waveforms by controlling their acoustic impedance [25,26,27,28]. The front matching layer is located between the piezo-electric element and a test specimen and serves as an acoustic impedance matching filter to minimize loss of the acoustic energy and to control the phase of the transmitted ultrasonic signals [5,6,25,26,27,28].…”

Section: Ultrasonic Transducer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, to determine the acoustic impedance of the backing material, backing materials with various acoustic impedance were simulated using the KLM model. From this, 8 × 10 6 kg/m 2 s was selected as the acoustic impedance of the ultrasonic transducer, with about 60% bandwidth as in our previous studies [5,6,25,26].…”

Section: Ultrasonic Transducer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the ultrasonic transducer design and simulation, various models based on equivalent circuits have been developed such as the Mason, Redwood, and KLM models [20,21,22]. Among these models, the KLM model was selected for this study due to its simple acoustic transmission nodes and transfer functions that operate in a more physically intuitive manner than in the others [23,24,25,26]. The KLM model can simulate the thickness-vibration mode of a piezo-electric material, from which its ultrasonic pulse-echo response signals can be obtained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The KLM model can simulate the thickness-vibration mode of a piezo-electric material, from which its ultrasonic pulse-echo response signals can be obtained. However, because the technique for detection of the permeated water is the through-transmission method, in this study, we used a modified KLM model developed in a previous study for the ultrasonic through-transmission method [25]. Then, the through-transmitted waveforms of defective PWR fuel rods were simulated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-PbTiO3-Based Ultrasonic Transducer for Detecting Infiltrated Water in Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Rods

Kim

Choi

Kim

et al. 2019

Sensors

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In this study, a high-sensitivity Pb( Mg 1 / 3 Nb 2 / 3 ) O 3 - PbTiO 3 (PMN-PT)-based ultrasonic transducer was developed for detecting defective pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel rods. To apply the PMN-PT substance to nuclear power plant facilities, given the need to guarantee their robustness against radioactive materials, the effects of neutron irradiation on PMN-PT were investigated. As a result, the major piezo-electric constants of PMN-PT, such as the electrical impedance, dielectric constant, and piezo-electric charge constant, were found to vary within acceptable ranges. This means that the PMN-PT could be used as the piezo-electric material in the ultrasonic transducer for nuclear power plants. The newly developed ultrasonic transducer was simulated using a modified KLM model for the through-transmission method and fabricated under the same conditions as in the simulation. The through-transmitted waveforms of normal and defective PWR fuel rods were obtained and compared with simulated results in the time and frequency domains. The response waveforms of the newly developed ultrasonic transducer for pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel rods showed good agreement with the simulation outcome and could clearly detect defective specimens with high sensitivity.

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Section: Ultrasonic Transducer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ultrasonic Transducer Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)-PbTiO3-Based Ultrasonic Transducer for Detecting Infiltrated Water in Pressurized Water Reactor Fuel Rods

Kim

Choi

Kim

et al. 2019

Sensors

Self Cite

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“…The sensitivity of transducer is influenced by many factors including acoustic impedance matching [8,9], electrical matching network [10,11], cable transmission loss [12] etc. The acoustic impedance matching is realized by adding match layer between the resonant piezoelectric material and medium [13], matching layers are already indispensable for most of conventional medical transducers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size Effect Study on High Frequency Transducers for Sensitivity Enhancement

Zhu

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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In a high frequency ultrasonic imaging system, high signal-noise-ratio (SNR) is highly demanded to acquire high quality images. Transducer sensitivity enhancement is essential to increase the SNR. In this work, size effect of transducers with working frequency 12MHz and 20MHz is systematically studied to find its relationship with sensitivity. FEM (Finite Element Method) models are built to analyze the impedance and sound field characteristics for different size transducers. Pulse-echo measurement experiments are carried out to compare the performance variation induced by the size effect. Simulation results suggest that working frequency is mainly determined by the piezoelectric slice thickness, the values of admittance are dependent on the area value of transducers and the optimum width is 1.5mm-1.7mm for 12MHz transducer and 1.1mm-1.3mm for 20MHz transducer. The admittance measurement results and pulse-echo results confirm the simulation conclusion and certify that 12MHz transducer with 1.5mm width and 3.0mm length, 20MHz transducer with 1.2mm width and 3.0mm length have the highest sensitivities. Their echo peak-peak values can reach 1.248V and 1.332V, respectively. These results indicate that sensitivity can be enhanced by optimizing transducer size. Methods utilized in this work are of great significance in a broader range of transducer design cases such as IVUS system and array transducers.

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