“…Conversely, microwave-assisted extraction [6] expedites the process but poses a risk to enzyme integrity due to the high temperatures employed, potentially leading to denaturation and loss of enzymatic function. To mitigate these drawbacks, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) [7] and ultrasound-enzyme-assisted extraction (UEAE) [8] stand out for their ability to address the temperature sensitivity issue. UEAE, in particular, optimizes the extraction process by maintaining an appropriate temperature, allowing cellulase to effectively hydrolyze the cell wall without compromising its activity.…”