Application of Ion Chromatography in Clinical Studies and Pharmaceutical Industry

Michalski, Rajmund

doi:10.2174/1389557514666141013142203

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…S uppressed conductometric anion chromatography (SCAC) applications range from trace analysis in semiconductor manufacturing 1 to pharmaceutical analysis, 2 to name a couple. Although SCAC excels in measuring strong acid anions, weak acid anions respond poorly or not at all.…”

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confidence: 99%

Permeative Amine Introduction for Very Weak Acid Detection in Ion Chromatography

Liao

Dasgupta

2016

Anal. Chem.

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A permeative amine introduction device (PAID) is placed after a conventional KOH eluent-suppressed conductometric anion chromatography (SCAC) system. The PAID converts the suppressed eluites from the acid form to the corresponding ammonium salt (NR2H + HX → NR2H2(+) + X(-)) and allows very weak acids HX (pKa ≥ 7.0) that cannot normally be detected by SCAC to be measured by a second conductivity detector following the PAID. Permeative reagent introduction is dilutionless, can be operated without pumps, and provides good mixing (baseline noise 0.8 nS/cm for 27 μM diethylamine) with low band dispersion (as small as 30 μL). Diethylamine (DEA) was chosen as the amine source due to its low pKb value (3.0), high vapor pressure, low toxicity, and low odor. The eluites are thus detected against a low diethylammonium hydroxide (DEAOH) background (5-31 μS/cm) as negative peaks because the equivalent conductance of OH(-) is greater than that of X(-). Reducing the background DEA concentration enhances the detectability of traces of weak acids. Lower background [DEA] will limit the maximum concentration of analyte acids that can be determined; a general concept of peak width measurement at a fixed height is proposed as a solution. Trace impurities formed during electrodialytic suppression play a role in background noise; for the first time, we look at the nature of such impurities. The appearance of silicate in a sample put in a glass container as a function of pH can be readily followed. The maximum silica level in high purity type 1 water is 50 nM (1.40 μg/L Si), which is a measurement challenge in particular. A large injection volume (1 mL) permits detection limits of 21 nM silicate, 3 nM taurine, 3 nM sulfide, and 13 nM cyanide.

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confidence: 99%

Permeative Amine Introduction for Very Weak Acid Detection in Ion Chromatography

Liao

Dasgupta

2016

Anal. Chem.

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“…The types of stationary phase matrices, column packing methods, eluent compositions, and detection modes vary between IC and HPLC. IC variants, such as ion-exclusion chromatography (IEC), ion-pair chromatography (IPC), and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), have also been used to separate hydrophilic molecules, biomolecules, and metal complexes (Fritz 1991;Gama et al 2012;Gennaro and Angelino 1997;Michalski 2014;Nakatani et al 2012). In tandem with mass spectrometric (MS) detection, as implemented in HPLC-MS, LC-MS, and LC-MS/MS, more complex water-soluble organic compositions, molecular structures, molar weights, and functional groups (Fenn 2002(Fenn , 2003Michalski 2014) can be quantified at ultra-low detection limits.…”

Section: Recent Reviews Of Liquid Chromatography (Lc) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent reviews (Butt and Riaz 2009;Hartwell et al 2013;Karu et al 2012;Lucy and Wahab 2013;Michalski 2013Michalski , 2014Nakatani et al 2012;Olariu et al 2015;Pohl 2013;Zhang et al 2015) highlight the technological advances in IC systems and applications for environmental, pharmaceutical, clinical, and food chemistry samples. The sensitivity, selectivity, and linearity of IC systems can be modulated based on the selection of stationary phase properties and eluent compositions.…”

Section: Recent Reviews Of Liquid Chromatography (Lc) Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Ion Chromatographic Speciation of Water-Soluble PM$$_{2.5}$$ to Improve Aerosol Source Apportionment

Chow

Watson

2017

Aerosol Sci Eng

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Ion chromatography (IC) is widely used to quantify sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, sodium, chloride, and potassium from PM 2:5 water extracts. IC hardware and software have progressed to allow a broader range of water-soluble compounds to be determined for the existing anion and cation programs and on the same solutions using analytical column, eluent, and detector modifications. Alkylamine, organic acid, and carbohydrate quantification by IC expands the number of source markers, especially for different types of biomass burning and secondary organic aerosols. Although modern systems are highly automated, internal quality control (QC) and external quality assurance (QA) programs are essential. QC includes detailed standard operating procedures, calibration over the range of expected concentrations, performance tests with independent standards, inspection of filters and chromatograms, and anion/cation balances. QA consists of independent system and performance audits, analysis of externally prepared performance samples, and interlaboratory comparisons. The additional water-soluble species provide compounds for speciated emission inventories, source markers to refine aerosol source apportionment, and increased understanding of global carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycles.

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“… Application-HPLC is one of the most widely applied analytical separation techniques- [29]  Pharmaceutical:  Tablet dissolution of pharmaceutical dosages.  Shelf life determination of pharmaceutical products.…”

Section: Fig2 Separation Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

HPLC: Principle and Maintenance with Application

Kumar¹,

Mumtaz²,

Ahmad³

2018

IJTSRD

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High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a significant qualitative and quantitative technique, usually used for the estimation of pharmaceutical and biological samples. The chromatography term is derived from the Greek words namely chroma (colour) and graphein (to write). The chromatography is very accepted technique and it is mostly used analytically. It is the most resourceful, safest, reliable and fastest chromatographic technique for the quality control of drug components. This technique involves 2 phases' stationary and mobile phases. There are different types of chromatographic techniques. The separation of constituents is based on the variation between the partition coefficients of the two phases. This article is primed with an aim to review different aspects of HPLC, such as principle, types, instrumentation and application with maintenance.

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Application of Ion Chromatography in Clinical Studies and Pharmaceutical Industry

Cited by 10 publications

References 90 publications

Permeative Amine Introduction for Very Weak Acid Detection in Ion Chromatography

Permeative Amine Introduction for Very Weak Acid Detection in Ion Chromatography

Enhanced Ion Chromatographic Speciation of Water-Soluble PM$$_{2.5}$$ to Improve Aerosol Source Apportionment

HPLC: Principle and Maintenance with Application

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