Application of Intranasal Administration in the Delivery of Antidepressant Active Ingredients

Abstract

As a mental disease in modern society, depression shows an increasing occurrence, with low cure rate and high recurrence rate. It has become the most disabling disease in the world. At present, the treatment of depression is mainly based on drug therapy combined with psychological therapy, physical therapy, and other adjuvant therapy methods. Antidepressants are primarily administered peripherally (oral and intravenous) and have a slow onset of action. Antidepressant active ingredients, such as neuropeptides, natural active ingredients, and some chemical agents, are limited by factors such as the blood–brain barrier (BBB), first-pass metabolism, and extensive adverse effects caused by systemic administration. The potential anatomical link between the non-invasive nose–brain pathway and the lesion site of depression may provide a more attractive option for the delivery of antidepressant active ingredients. The purpose of this article is to describe the specific link between intranasal administration and depression, the challenges of intranasal administration, as well as studies of intranasal administration of antidepressant active ingredients.

Microbes, oxytocin and stress: Converging players regulating eating behavior

“…As has been introduced, Oxt is produced both in the brain and the periphery. It is currently unknown whether plasma Oxt levels correlate with central Oxt release and whether peripheral administration can increase central Oxt levels because Oxt cannot readily cross the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) 66 . Recently, it was suggested that Oxt may reach the brain through transportation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which is expressed in endothelial cells at the BBB 67,68 .…”

“…cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). 66 Recently, it was suggested that Oxt may reach the brain through transportation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) which is expressed in endothelial cells at the BBB. 67,68 RAGE receptors have been shown to be crucial for the effect of exogenous Oxt on social behavior, such as bonding and parenting.…”

Nose‐to‐brain delivery of nanotherapeutics: Transport mechanisms and applications

“…Traditional drug delivery methods, including intravenous and oral administration, have not yet achieved the goal of consistent brain delivery (Jin et al, 2022). However, intranasal delivery bypasses the BBB by delivering drugs directly from the nasal cavity to the brain.…”

Recent Advances in Intranasal Liposomes for Drug, Gene, and Vaccine Delivery

“…In recent years, intranasal (IN) administration of nanosized drug delivery systems has been intensively investigated [ 23 , 24 ]. IN administration is a conventional noninvasive drug delivery approach for treating local nasal diseases such as infectious rhinitis, nasal polyposis, and sinusitis [ 25 ].…”