Application of hydrochar and pyrochar to manure is not effective for mitigation of ammonia emissions from cattle slurry and poultry manure

Gronwald, Marco; Helfrich, Mirjam; Don, Axel; Fuß, Roland; Well, Reinhard; Flessa, Heinz

doi:10.1007/s00374-018-1273-x

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…However, in some studies, the biochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization is typically acidic [ 83 ]. For example, the pH value of Miscanthus -derived hydrochar prepared by Gronwald et al [ 84 ] at 200 °C is 3.8, and Cui et al [ 85 ] found that the pH values of Hydrocotyle verticillata -, Myriophyllum spicatum - and Canna indica -derived hydrochar (200 °C) are 5.07, 4.97 and 6.48. Liu et al [ 86 ] adjusted the pH value of the initial solution (pH = 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12) of the hydrothermal carbonization process, so that the pH value of the prepared sewage-sludge-derived hydrochar was still weakly acidic or neutral (corresponding pH = 5.05, 6.11, 7.24, 6.60, 6.62, 6.74, 6.94).…”

Section: Performance Characteristics Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review

Cheng

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2020

Molecules

117

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Soil contamination by heavy metals threatens the quality of agricultural products and human health, so it is necessary to choose certain economic and effective remediation techniques to control the continuous deterioration of land quality. This paper is intended to present an overview on the application of biochar as an addition to the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil, in terms of its preparation technologies and performance characteristics, remediation mechanisms and effects, and impacts on heavy metal bioavailability. Biochar is a carbon-neutral or carbon-negative product produced by the thermochemical transformation of plant- and animal-based biomass. Biochar shows numerous advantages in increasing soil pH value and organic carbon content, improving soil water-holding capacity, reducing the available fraction of heavy metals, increasing agricultural crop yield and inhibiting the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals. Different conditions, such as biomass type, pyrolysis temperature, heating rate and residence time are the pivotal factors governing the performance characteristics of biochar. Affected by the pH value and dissolved organic carbon and ash content of biochar, the interaction mechanisms between biochar and heavy metals mainly includes complexation, reduction, cation exchange, electrostatic attraction and precipitation. Finally, the potential risks of in-situ remediation strategy of biochar are expounded upon, which provides the directions for future research to ensure the safe production and sustainable utilization of biochar.

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Section: Performance Characteristics Of Biocharmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review

Cheng

Chen

Xu³

et al. 2020

Molecules

117

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“…Furthermore, there is evidence that especially low temperature biochars produced from manures can reduce the rate of losses of nitrogen by ammonia volatilisation from the soil, so crop yields may be significantly higher than predicted here [16]. However, there is some debate in the scientific literature [17], and so this is another area of uncertainty that requires further work in Sub-Saharan conditions.…”

Section: Biochar From Pyrolysis Of Crop Residuesmentioning

confidence: 87%

Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns

Smith

Nayak

Albanito

et al. 2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The use of limited organic resources to build resilience to drought in semi-arid regions was investigated using systems modelling. The study focused on Halaba in Ethiopia, drawing on biophysical and socioeconomic data obtained from a survey of farms before, during and after the 2015/16 El Niño event. Using a simplified weather dataset to remove noise from weather fluctuations, a ten yearly El Niño was demonstrated to cause significant long-term degradation of soil, reducing crop yields by 9%-14% and soil carbon by 0.5%-4.1%; more frequent droughts would increase this impact. Farmers in Halaba usually apply manures to soils untreated. Counteracting the impact of El Niño on soil degradation is possible by increasing application of untreated manure, but would result in a small net cost due to loss of dung as fuel. By composting manure its recalcitrance increases, allowing soil degradation to be counteracted without cost. The best option investigated, in terms of both food and fuel security, for households with access to water and finances needed for anaerobic digestion (500-2000 US$), is to use manure to produce biogas and then apply the nutrient-rich bioslurry residue to the soil. This will result in a significant benefit of over 5000 US$ per decade from increased crop production and saved fuel costs. However, many households are limited in water and finances; in that situation, the much cheaper pyrolysis cook-stove (50 US$) can provide similar economic benefits without the need for water. The biochar residue from pyrolysis is highly recalcitrant, but pyrolysis results in loss of nutrients, so may result in lower yields than other uses of manures. This may be countered by using biochar to capture nutrients from elsewhere in the farm, such as from animal housing or compost pits; more work is needed to quantify the impact of treated biochar on crop yields.

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“…For the adsorption experiments with liquid manure, 7.5% solid content was at first diluted 1:1 with deionized water to allow an effective mixing and homogeneous distribution of the slurry in the petri dish [4]. Also in this case, 1 mL of manure (50%) was added with 1%, 5%, and 10% by weight of adsorbent.…”

Section: Adsorption Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to Wang et al [3], the estimated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission of beef cattle is around 50 kg NH 3 per animal and year. Once in atmosphere, ammonia evolves to nitrogen oxides (NOx), which seriously contribute to the destabilization of the nitrogen cycle with consequent increase of the temperature of the planet [4]. In fact, NH 3 global warming potential is estimated to be 265 times higher than CO 2 because it is a precursor of the greenhouse effect and also the ozone layer-depleting gas, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigation of Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure Slurry by Tannins and Tannin-Based Polymers

et al. 2020

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With the extensive use of nitrogen-based fertilizer in agriculture, ammonia emissions, especially from cattle manure, are a serious environmental threat for soil and air. The European community committed to reduce the ammonia emissions by 30% by the year 2030 compared to 2005. After a moderate initial reduction, the last report showed no further improvements in the last four years, keeping the 30% reduction a very challenging target for the next decade. In this study, the mitigation effect of different types of tannin and tannin-based adsorbent on the ammonia emission from manure was investigated. Firstly, we conducted a template study monitoring the ammonia emissions registered by addition of the tannin-based powders to a 0.1% ammonia solution and then we repeated the experiments with ready-to-spread farm-made manure slurry. The results showed that all tannin-based powders induced sensible reduction of pH and ammonia emitted. Reductions higher than 75% and 95% were registered for ammonia solution and cattle slurry, respectively, when using flavonoid-based powders. These findings are very promising considering that tannins and their derivatives will be extensively available due to the increasing interest on their exploitation for the synthesis of new-generation “green” materials.

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Application of hydrochar and pyrochar to manure is not effective for mitigation of ammonia emissions from cattle slurry and poultry manure

Cited by 26 publications

References 69 publications

Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review

Application Research of Biochar for the Remediation of Soil Heavy Metals Contamination: A Review

Treatment of organic resources before soil incorporation in semi-arid regions improves resilience to El Niño, and increases crop production and economic returns

Mitigation of Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure Slurry by Tannins and Tannin-Based Polymers

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