Application of high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection and mass spectrometry to the analysis of characteristic compounds in various essential oils

Abstract

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established using an analytical reversed-phase column and gradient elution to achieve chromatographic separation of typical compounds in essential oils. For detection, a diode array detector monitoring different wavelengths simultaneously as well as a mass spectrometer (MS) were used. Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization operating in the positive mode turned out to be a suitable tool to detect volatiles of different chemical classes and to identify them in essential oil matrices. Characteristic fingerprints of eucalyptus, lavender, may chang, pine, rosemary, thyme, and turpentine essential oils monitored at a representative wavelength (220 nm) demonstrated the suitability of HPLC in essential oil analysis. Additional monitoring wavelengths (210, 250, and 280 nm) provided useful information about the identity of the specific component and opened the possibility to differentiate presumably coeluting compounds by means of their distinct absorption behavior. Finally, peak assignment in seven essential oils was performed on the basis of characteristic retention times and UV and MS data of a broad set of reference volatiles.

Impact of different storage conditions on the quality of selected essential oils

“…Generally, gas chromatography (GC) often in combination with mass spectrometry (MS) is the common method for essential oil analysis (Lockwood, 2001), neglecting however that decomposition or rearrangements of thermally labile compounds due to high temperatures or catalytically active surfaces during GC analyses have previously been highlighted (e.g., Bruhn, 1974;Hinshaw, 2002). On the other hand, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been proven versatile and selective detecting essential oil volatiles as well as thermolabile or less volatile compounds (Rauber, Guterres, & Schapoval, 2005;Sköld, Börje, Harambasic, & Karlberg, 2004;Turek & Stintzing, 2011a). The latter have been reported to arise as oxidation and polymerization products during autoxidation of terpenoids, which escape GC analysis (e.g., Bernhard & Marr, 1960;Tóth, 1967).…”

Enantiomeric Ratio Changes of Terpenes in Essential Oils from Hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × E. tereticornis and its Pure Species

“…UV spectra obtained for each peak were compared with reported data. 19 All proceedings and chromatograms analyses were performed with LC Solution Software (version 1.23, Shimadzu Corporation, Japan).…”

“…These findings have also been reported in reverse phase HPLC. 19 In the fractionation of Eucalyptus tereticornis oil by HPLC, 1,8-cineole was separated from β-phellandrene and limonene, and sabinene was separated from β-pinene. These compounds, 1,8-cineole and sabinene, were determined by GC-MS with the DB-5MS column (HPLC fraction analysis by GC-MS with non-polar column section).…”

“…In fact, essential oil characterization by HPLC analysis has previously been reported based on both direct and reverse phase chromatography and UV, fluorescence, diode array and mass spectrometric detection. [17][18][19] In consequence, a semi-preparative separation by HPLC for its later analysis by gas chromatography could be suitable for terpene characterization in essential oils. 20,21 The objective of this work was to use this combination of techniques to determine the enantiomeric composition for the main chiral monoterpenes in the essential oil of the hybrid Eucalyptus grandis × E. tereticornis and its relationship with E. tereticornis Smith and E. grandis W. Hill ex Maiden.…”

Desenvolvimento e validação de método analítico espectrofotométrico para quantificação de nerolidol em um dispositivo polimérico de liberação prolongada, após derivatização com vanilina

“…18,19 Trabalhos recentes demonstram análise de óleos essenciais por CLAE e detecção em arranjo de diodos (DAD). 17,20 Esses métodos são sensíveis o suficiente para a determinação de pequenas quantidades de amostra, entretanto, muitas vezes, não são simples, rápidos e de baixo custo para serem adotados em análises de rotina.…”