Application of ground penetrating radar methods in soil studies: A review

Zajícová, Kateřina; Chuman, Tomáš

doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.024

Cited by 105 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Based on the identified TWTTs of reflectors A and B and (2) Electromagnetic wave velocity and soil dielectric permittivity The electromagnetic waves emitted by an antenna-transmitter enter the soil and return after being reflected. The velocity of the waves is mainly affected by the soil dielectric permittivity (ε), magnetic permeability (µ), and electrical conductivity (δ) [27]:…”

Section: Effect Of Swc On Gpr Electromagnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the groundwater table is not fixed as it fluctuates with time [28]. If a known reflecting boundary is missing, the "common midpoint method", "wide-angle-reflection-and-refraction method" or their variations can be used to determine the electromagnetic signal velocity and to estimate the SWC [27]. If there are several reflectors, the SWC in a vertical profile can be estimated [27].…”

Section: Approach Based On Signal Velocity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GPR method is rapid and continuous and provides in situ measurements of underground media; consequently, it has been applied in a variety of disciplines, such as hydrology, hydrogeology, archaeology, glacier and frozen soil research, soil science, and environmental science [5,18,[23][24][25][26]. For example, according to [4] and [27], authors reviewed four methods to measure SWC with GPR and suggested that high-frequency electromagnetic techniques are the most promising methods for measuring SWC. A GPR with a center frequency of 400 MHz was successfully applied by [28] to measure the SWC of sandy loam in farmland was feasible; the fitted cubic model between the soil dielectric permittivity and soil moisture-predicted SWC resulted in root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) of less than 6% relative to the SWC measured using the sample drying method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Water Content Estimation Using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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The rapid high-precision and nondestructive determination of shallow soil water content (SWC) is of vital importance to precision agriculture and water resource management. However, the low-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology currently in use is insufficient for precisely determining the shallow SWC. Therefore, it is essential to develop and use a high-precision detection technology to determine SWC. In this paper, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the use of a high-frequency GPR antenna to determine the SWC of loamy sand, clay, and silty loam. We collected soil samples (0–20 cm) of six soil types of loamy sand, clay, and silty loam and used a high-frequency (2-GHz) GPR antenna to determine the SWC. In addition, we obtained GPR data and images as well as characteristic parameters of the electromagnetic spectrum and analyzed the quantitative relationship with SWC. The GPR reflection two-way travel times and the known depths of reflectors were used to calculate the average soil dielectric permittivities above the reflectors and establish a spatial relationship between the soil dielectric permittivity ( ε ) and SWC ( θ ), which was used to estimate the depth-averaged SWC. The results show that the SWC, which affects the attenuation of wave energy and the wave velocity of the GPR signal, is a dominant factor affecting the soil dielectric permittivity. In addition, the conductivity, magnetic soil, soil texture, soil organic matter, and soil temperature have substantial effects on the soil dielectric permittivity, which consequentially affects the prediction of SWC. The correlation coefficients R2 of the “ θ ~ ε ” cubic curve models, which were used to fit the relationships between the soil dielectric permittivity ( ε ) and SWC ( θ ), were greater than 0.89, and the root-mean-square errors were less than 2.9%, which demonstrate that high-frequency GPR technology can be applied to determine shallow SWC under variable hydrological conditions.

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Section: Effect Of Swc On Gpr Electromagnetic Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approach Based On Signal Velocity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil Water Content Estimation Using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2019

Water

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“…V zadnjih nekaj letih so bili objavljeni tudi pregledni članki na področju gradbeništva (Wai-Lok Lai et al, 2018). Zajícová & Chuman (2019) sta podala pregled uporabe georadarja v študijah tal, kjer obravnavata določevanje vsebnosti vode, stratigrafije tal, vsebnosti soli in strukture tal, zaznavanje drevesnih korenin in koreninske biomase. Pregled raziskav z različnimi geofizikalnimi metodami na krasu so povzeli Chalikakis et al (2011), ki so obravnavali prednosti in omejitve za nekatere najpogostejše aplikacije.…”

Section: Uvodunclassified

Application of ground penetrating radar in karst environments: An overview

Čeru¹,

Gosar²

2019

Geologija

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Kras kot kompleksen in heterogen sistem predstavlja za georadar velik izziv. Kljub vsemu pa lahko z dobro načrtovanimi georadarskimi raziskavami pridobimo dodatne informacije o plitvem podpovršju, kjer se odvija večina kraških procesov. Zaradi specifičnosti kraškega površja so v uvodnem delu predstavljene nekatere ovire in prilagoditveni pristopi pri raziskavah na krasu. Analiza pregleda objavljene literature je pokazala, da se georadar v kraških okoljih najpogosteje uporablja za zaznavanje jam in območij pogrezanj ter pri preprečevanju nenadnih porušitev tako v urbanih območjih kot tudi pri gradbenih posegih v prostor. Georadar se uporablja tudi pri raziskavah kraških vodonosnikov, epikrasa in raziskavah v kamnolomih. Poleg uveljavljenih aplikacij so predstavljene nekatere še neuveljavljene aplikacije, kot je uporaba georadarja pri raziskavah brezstropih jam in jamskih sedimentov. Glavni namen članka je prikazati in ovrednotiti možnosti uporabe georadarja v različnih kraških okoljih in spodbuditi njegovo uporabo za nekatere nove aplikacije in opozoriti na nujnost interdisciplinarnega pristopa v takšnih študijah.

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“…Therefore, ground‐coupled GPR, which can be used to collect data to a depth of several meters and does not disturb soil conditions (Benedetto et al, 2017; Vereecken et al, 2014), is best‐suited for the noninvasive measurement of RZSM. In particular, ground‐coupled GPR with a fixed transmitter‐receiver offset system (i.e., GPR‐FO, also the most popular commercial GPR system) allows field measurements with broad coverage and a fast data collection speed (Huisman et al, 2003; Liu, Chen, et al, 2019; Zajícová & Chuman, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive 2D and 3D Mapping of Root Zone Soil Moisture Through the Detection of Coarse Roots With Ground‐Penetrating Radar

Liu

Chen

Butnor

et al. 2020

Water Resources Research

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Root zone soil moisture (RZSM) is important in sustaining terrestrial ecosystems and water cycling. However, noninvasive mapping of RZSM remains challenging in the field, especially its spatial variability at local scales. We propose a novel method of applying ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for noninvasive determination of RZSM. First, this method identified coarse root reflections in GPR images to obtain the reflected wave velocity and soil water storage at various locations. Then, the horizontal distributions of soil water storage to different depths were reconstructed using the inverse distance weighted interpolation. The difference in soil water storage between two depths was converted into 2D RZSM distribution for a specific depth interval. Finally, 2D RZSM distributions from a range of depths were combined to produce a 3D visualization of RZSM. The proposed method was validated in two field plots (30 m by 30 m) in shrublands. The comparisons with 2D RZSM distributions from soil cores sampled at 0.2-m depth intervals suggested a reasonable correspondence in both spatial patterns and absolute values, with the average root-mean-square error less than 0.017 m 3 ·m −3 and correlation coefficients ranging from 0.502 to 0.798 in both plots. Furthermore, 3D visualizations of RZSM were generated based on GPR estimates to demonstrate the spatial variability of soil moisture at the study scale. The proposed method enhances noninvasive characterization of soil moisture down to the root zone, which contributes to a better understanding of the local-scale variability of soil moisture in the subsoil as well as the ecohydrological processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum.

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Application of ground penetrating radar methods in soil studies: A review

Cited by 105 publications

References 114 publications

Soil Water Content Estimation Using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar

Soil Water Content Estimation Using High-Frequency Ground Penetrating Radar

Application of ground penetrating radar in karst environments: An overview

Noninvasive 2D and 3D Mapping of Root Zone Soil Moisture Through the Detection of Coarse Roots With Ground‐Penetrating Radar

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