Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Detecting Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks with Irregular Contours

Li, Weilin; Wen, Jian; Zhang, Xiao; Xu, Shengxia

doi:10.3390/s18020649

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Presently, radar cannot effectively detect thin layers due to poor resolution in the time domain. On the premise that the hardware limits this detection, methods can be introduced such as MUSIC (multiple signal classification) [29] and other high-resolution frequency-domain approaches that can detect wooden bodies, allowing further analysis of thin layers of wood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting and Measuring Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks Using Radar Data for Layer Identification

et al. 2018

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Radar detection has proven to be an effective, nondestructive test for the determination of the quality of wood-based materials, especially in the wooden structures of ancient buildings and trees. However, the results are usually inaccurate, and it is difficult to interpret internal anomalies due to the moisture content of wood, individual differences, and other factors. In this paper, a new measurement method is proposed based on the use of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for abnormality localization and imaging. Firstly, the time delay of the reflected signal in the inner trees is analyzed with matched filter and Hilbert detections. Secondly, the two approaches are compared with the use of a forward model, and the Hilbert algorithm is found to be more accurate. Thirdly, a laser scanner is used to collect contour data and determine the location and characteristics of internal tree anomalies. Lastly, the proposed method is tested on ancient willows at the Summer Palace. The results show that the error in the depth and area estimates of the anomalies was within 10% and 5%, respectively. Consequently, the GPR method for locating the anomalies in trees is feasible, and a laser scanner combined with contour data can present the size of the abnormal regions within the trees.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By measuring the time difference between transmission and reception of the laser, the laser propagation distance can be calculated. Thus, three-dimensional coordinates for objects can be determined to describe the surface of the target, such as the outside contour of trees [28,29].…”

Section: Contour Information Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Measuring Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks Using Radar Data for Layer Identification

et al. 2018

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“…As mentioned above in the introduction, an air-filled tree trunk (with a decayed hole) or a partially air-filled early-stage decay zone inside a tree are excellent reflectors for GPR detection. Furthermore, different qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to interpret internal anomalies (see References [33][34][35][36], and literature therein). The main principle to understand the presence or absence of a cavity inside the trunk is knowing how to interpret the inhomogeneity of the radargram [33] (Figure 9b).…”

Section: Area 1: Via DI Valle Delle Camenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, different qualitative and quantitative methods have been used to interpret internal anomalies (see References [33][34][35][36], and literature therein). The main principle to understand the presence or absence of a cavity inside the trunk is knowing how to interpret the inhomogeneity of the radargram [33] (Figure 9b). On this technical note, the qualitative method to determine the presence or absence of an abnormality will be evaluated.…”

Section: Area 1: Via DI Valle Delle Camenementioning

confidence: 99%

A posteriori GPR Evaluation of Tree Stability: A Case Study in Rome (Italy)

Barone

Ferrara

2019

Remote Sensing

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Following the frequent and harmful collapses of trees that have plagued the municipal territory of Rome in recent years, a protocol of understanding was initiated between the Department of Environmental Protection of ROMA CAPITALE, the American University of Rome, the Research Centre for Forestry and Wood of the– Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)–, and Sensors and Software, Inc. This protocol aims to start an experimental project by conducting a series of non-destructive geophysical measurements using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology and assessing the effectiveness of this methodology to investigate the root system and tree trunks located along paved roads in two sample areas of the city. The test will use the GPR technique to confirm some hypothetical assumptions about tree stability based on a posteriori evaluations made by the Department of Environmental Protection of ROMA CAPITALE. All phases of this test showed the effectiveness of the method and the rapidity of the data acquisition.

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“…Meanwhile, it has been gradually applied to the non destructive testing (NDT) of trees. (Martínez-Sala et al 2013, Li, W. et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Removal in Tree Radar B-Scan Images Based on Shearlet

Wen¹,

Li²,

Jiang³

2020

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There are often many scars and hollows in ancient and famous trees. As a convenient and effective non-destructive testing tool, ground-penetrating (GPR) has a technical advantage in detecting abnormality in trees. But the tree radar images always inherit some extent of noise in them. Thus, denoising is very important to extract useful information from a tree radar image. Shearlet is a directional multi-scale framework, which has been shown effective to identify sparse anisotropic edges even in the presence of a large quantity of noise. This article presents an efficient denoising method based on shearlet applied on the tree radar images. Experimental results on forward modeling and standing trees radar data substantiate that the proposed method has the best denoising performance, especially in preserving the edge information as compared with the other methods which are based on wavelet, curvelet and contourlet.

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Application of Ground-Penetrating Radar for Detecting Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks with Irregular Contours

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Detecting and Measuring Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks Using Radar Data for Layer Identification

Detecting and Measuring Internal Anomalies in Tree Trunks Using Radar Data for Layer Identification

A posteriori GPR Evaluation of Tree Stability: A Case Study in Rome (Italy)

Noise Removal in Tree Radar B-Scan Images Based on Shearlet

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