Application of Graphitized Carbon Black to the QuEChERS Method for Pesticide Multiresidue Analysis in Spinach

Li, Li; Li, Wei; Qin, Dongmei; Jiang, Shuren; Liu, Fengmao

doi:10.1093/jaoac/92.2.538

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Thus, in Test 2 we incorporated 0.3 g GCB since GCB had previously been shown to remove colored plant pigments from extracts during SPLE [16]. We also used less GCB has been used to reduce pigments in other extraction techniques and has commonly been used in QuEChERS [16,[18][19][20][21][22]. In a previous study, the removal of the pigment β-carotene was monitored using UV spectra and the GCB successfully removed more than 90% of β-carotene from extracts [18].…”

Section: Optimizing the Layered Ase Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) for the analysis of pesticides in leaves

Kinross

Hageman

Doucette

et al. 2020

Journal of Chromatography A

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Various techniques have been evaluated for the extraction and cleanup of pesticides from environmental samples. In this work, a Selective Pressurized Liquid Extraction (SPLE) method for pesticides was developed using a Thermo Scientific Accelerated Solvent Extractor (ASE). This instrument was compared to the newly introduced (2017) extraction instrument, the Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE), which combines Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) and dispersive Solid Phase Extraction (dSPE). We first optimized the SPLE method using the ASE instrument for pesticide extraction from alfalfa leaves using layers of Florisil and graphitized carbon black (GCB) downstream of the leaf homogenate in the extraction cell (Layered ASE method). We then compared results obtained for alfalfa and citrus leaves with the Layered ASE method to those from a method in which the leaf homogenate and sorbents were mixed (Mixed ASE method) and to similar methods modified for use with EDGE (Layered EDGE and Mixed EDGE methods). The ASE and EDGE methods led to clear colorless extracts with low residual lipid weight. No significant differences in residual lipid masses were observed between the methods. The UV-Vis spectra showed that Florisil removed a significant quantity of the lightabsorbing chemicals but GCB was required to produce colorless extracts. Recoveries of spiked analytes into leaf homogenates were generally similar among methods, but in several cases, significantly higher recoveries were observed in ASE extracts. Nonetheless, no significant differences were observed among pesticide concentrations in field samples when calculated with the isotope dilution method in which labelled surrogates were added to samples before extraction. Extraction time using the ASE methods were ~45 minutes, which is ~4.5 times longer than the EDGE methods. The EDGE methods use ~10 mL more solvent than the ASE methods. Based on these results, the EDGE is an acceptable extraction instrument and, for most compounds, the EDGE has a similar extraction efficiency to the ASE.

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Section: Optimizing the Layered Ase Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While pigments have a strong affinity for GCB, some common target analytes also have an affinity for GCB. Several studies have noted that the use of more GCB leads to a reduction in extraction efficiencies for certain analytes, but for other analytes the GCB has no effect [18,20,21,23].…”

Section: Optimizing the Layered Ase Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) for the analysis of pesticides in leaves

Kinross

Hageman

Doucette

et al. 2020

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…application should be varied depending on the crop because it may reduce the recovery [29]. In a study on the determination of broflanilide and its two metabolites in five soils, An et al [8] found that GCB mixed with another adsorbent was more effective for purification than only C 18 or PSA.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Optimized residue analysis method for broflanilide and its metabolites in agricultural produce using the QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS

et al. 2020

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Since broflanilide is a newly developed pesticide, analytical methods are required to determine the corresponding pesticide residues in diverse crops and foods. In this study, a pesticide residue analysis method was optimized for the detection and quantification of broflanilide and its two metabolites, DM-8007 and S(PFH-OH)-8007, in brown rice, soybean, apple, green pepper, mandarin, and kimchi cabbage. Residue samples were extracted from the produce using QuEChERS acetate and citrate buffering methods and were purified by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) using six different adsorbent compositions with varying amounts of primary secondary amine (PSA), C 18 , and graphitized carbon black. All the sample preparation methods gave low-to-medium matrix effects, as confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using standard solutions and matrix-matched standards. In particular, the use of the citrate buffering method, in combination with purification by d-SPE using 25 mg of PSA and a mixture of other adsorbents, consistently gave low matrix effects that in the range from −18.3 to 18.8%. Pesticide recoveries within the valid recovery range 70-120% were obtained both with and without d-SPE purification using 25 mg of PSA and other adsorbents. Thus, the developed residue analysis method is viable for the determination of broflanilide and its metabolites in various crops.

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“…PSA eliminates polar organic acids, polar pigments, sugars, and fatty acids from the extract. Non polar substances, such as lipids, are attracted by C18, and non‐polar pigments and sterol are adsorbed by GCB .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of high‐surface‐area graphitized carbon black with primary secondary amine as an alternative quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe cleanup material for pesticide multi‐residue analysis in spinach

Islam

Lee

et al. 2019

J of Separation Science

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A multi-residue method has been developed and validated to determine 46 pesticides in spinach using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method is based on modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe sample preparation, where high-surface-area graphitized carbon black was used first as sorbent material in the dispersive solid-phase extraction. The method was compared with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. The morphology, surface area, pore size, and pore volume of the sorbent was determined. The results obtained show that the sorbent consists of high surface area (233 m 2 /g) and large pore volume (1.5 cm 3 /g).The calibration curve correlation coefficient (R 2 ) of the method was at least 0.99. The average recoveries ranged from 74 to 116%, and limits of detection and quantification from 0.0001 to 0.002 mg/kg and from 0.0002 to 0.005 mg/kg, respectively. Using the method, the pesticides exhibited low matrix effect (< 20%), except for nicosulfuron (29.86%), methomyl (26.77%), and flufenoxuron (24.65%). The method showed better potential to remove pigments than the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method. It is demonstrated that the proposed method could be useful alternative for sample preparation of spinach and other matrices in future.

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Application of Graphitized Carbon Black to the QuEChERS Method for Pesticide Multiresidue Analysis in Spinach

Cited by 59 publications

References 0 publications

Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) for the analysis of pesticides in leaves

Comparison of Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) and Energized Dispersive Guided Extraction (EDGE) for the analysis of pesticides in leaves

Optimized residue analysis method for broflanilide and its metabolites in agricultural produce using the QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS

Application of high‐surface‐area graphitized carbon black with primary secondary amine as an alternative quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe cleanup material for pesticide multi‐residue analysis in spinach

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