Application of graphite tubes modified with high-melting carbides in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. I. General approach

Volynsky, Anatoly B.

doi:10.1016/s0584-8547(98)00093-7

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 132 publications

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“…The effect of carbonization may be attributed to the change in the surface properties of the graphite platform. The influence of carbides on the atomization mechanism is not clear because high melting carbides may decrease the activity of the graphite surface in one reaction and simultaneously increase it in another [26]. Moreover, evaluation of the surface activity seems to be impossible, because it depends both on the nature and the composition of carbides and the structure of the carbide layer.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slurry sampling for the determination of thallium in soils and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Dobrowolski

2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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The analytical conditions for thallium determination in soils and sediments by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry were studied and optimized. Elimination of a strong background for soils rich in organic materials by application of tungsten carbides coated graphite tubes/platforms was studied in detail. Tungsten carbides increased the maximum permissible pyrolysis temperature from 300 to 900 degrees C. The mechanism of tungsten carbide formation on different graphite surfaces was proposed. Application of a strong basic anion-exchange resin for interference elimination in thallium determination in marine sediments was described. Calibration was performed directly using aqueous standards both for soil and sediment analysis. Analysis of CRM confirmed the reliability of the approach. The precision and accuracy of thallium determination by the described method for soils and sediments was acceptable. A characteristic mass of 13.8 pg was obtained and the limit of detection for the proposed method was around 0.06 microg g(-1) Tl.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slurry sampling for the determination of thallium in soils and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Dobrowolski

2002

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Analyte losses due to formation of stable carbides can be reduced by the use of graphite tubes modified with high-melting carbides, socalled carbide-modified graphite tubes. A general review [64] as well as a review focused on practical aspects of this technique is given by A.B. Volynsky [65].…”

Section: Some Conclusion From the Discussed Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative element analysis by isotope dilution in diode laser graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Wizemann

2008

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…In the case of W or Zr permanent modifiers, the main compound on the graphite surface is W or Zr carbide and the oxygen content is significantly reduced. 38 On the contrary, when Re, W or Zr modifier is added as a solution, oxygen is present at high concentrations at the time of dissociation of organotins, early in the drying and/or pyrolysis step. It seems that OTs can effectively be retained on the graphite surface and present the same sensitivity only if they are transformed into tin oxide at an early stage of the pyrolysis step.…”

Section: Speciation Analysis and Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A screening method for the determination of toluene extractable organotins in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and rhenium as chemical modifier

Thomaidis

Stasinakis

Lekkas

2007

Applied Organom Chemis

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A simple screening method for the determination of toluene-extractable organotin compounds in water samples was developed. Organotins [tributyl tin (TBT), triphenyltin (TPhT) and dibutyl tin (DBT)] were extracted from 2 l of water sample with 10 mL of toluene in the presence of 2.5% (v/v) CH 3 COOH and 1.2% (w/w) NaCl. Aliquots of 240 µl of the toluene extracts were subjected to electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry, utilizing the hot injection technique (injection temperature 120 • C) and chemical modification. Under these conditions, an enrichment factor of approximately 2000 was achieved. A comparative study of chemical modifiers was performed. Ten metals and mixtures of them were tested and the best results were obtained with 5 µg of Re. The characteristic mass was 90 pg and the instrumental limit of detection was 0.8 µg l −1 (as Sn), for all compounds tested. The overall limit of detection of the method was 2 ng l −1 (as Sn) for an injection aliquot of 240 µl. Quantitative recoveries were obtained for TBT and TPhT, whereas the DBT recovery was 70%. Addition of 0.5% (w/v) of tropolone in the extraction media resulted in 100% recovery of all organotins tested (TBT, DBT, monobutyl tin and TPhT), whereas, at the same time, inorganic tin was practically not recovered at 100-fold excess. The developed methodology was applied to fresh (lake) and marine waters of Greece and levels between <2 and 223 ng l −1 were determined.

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Application of graphite tubes modified with high-melting carbides in electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. I. General approach

Cited by 46 publications

References 132 publications

Slurry sampling for the determination of thallium in soils and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Slurry sampling for the determination of thallium in soils and sediments by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Quantitative element analysis by isotope dilution in diode laser graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

A screening method for the determination of toluene extractable organotins in water samples by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and rhenium as chemical modifier

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