Application of GFR-estimating equations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease

Zuo, Li; Ma, Yingchun; Zhou, Yuhong; Wang, Mei; Xu, Guobin; Wang, Haiyan

doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2004.11.012

Cited by 179 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This would tend to miss some cases of CVD and cause a bias toward the null. Second, when used in a Chinese population, the MDRD equation underestimated GFR in cases of near-normal GFR (26), thereby affecting the strength of the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Population

Zhang

Zuo²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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C ardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among patients who are on dialysis. CVD mortality rates are approximately 10 to 30 times higher in patients who are on dialysis than in the general population, despite stratification for gender, race, and the presence of diabetes (1). It was recognized recently that earlier stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) also is a risk factor for CVD mortality (2-7). In particular, this risk has been noted in patients who already have some form of CVD or in individuals who are at high risk for the development of CVD (2-7). In low-risk populations or community studies, the relationship between the level of kidney function and outcomes has not been as clear (8 -11).The relationship between early stages of CKD and CVD, to the best of our knowledge, has never been tested in a community-based Chinese population, in whom genetic and environmental backgrounds are different from those of Western countries, and the profile of CVD is very different from that of white individuals (12,13). Therefore, we initiated this cross-sectional study among a population older than 40 yr in a metropolis of China to investigate the prevalence and the spectrum of CVD in residents with early-stage CKD and compare them with data of residents without CKD. Materials and Methods PopulationAll residents who were 40 yr or older and were served by a community hospital located in an urban district of Beijing were invited to participate in the study. Residents were contacted by telephone using their data that were available in the hospital and notified of the screening protocol by the local general practitioner from Definition of CVDAll participants were asked, "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you had a heart attack?" and, "Have you ever been told by a doctor that you had a stroke?" Participants with an affirmative answer to either of these questions were deemed as having CVD. Definition of CKDSerum creatinine (Scr) was measured by means of enzymatic method on a Hitachi 7170 autoanalyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). In addition, Scr of 57 fresh frozen serum samples (Scr range 0.42 to 16.89 mg/dl) were analyzed in both our laboratory and the Cleveland Clinic Laboratory to ensure that Scr values in this study are equally calibrated with the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) study. A calibration equation was generated from the results (R 2 ϭ 0.998): MDRD Scr (mg/dl) ϭ 1.05 ϫ [Beijing Scr (mg/dl)] Ϫ 0.22.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Population

Zhang

Zuo²,

Wang³

et al. 2006

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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“…Currently, there are no GFR prediction equations that account for potential serum creatinine differences between Table 1. (19). Although modifications of the abbreviated MDRD formula have been developed for Chinese (20) and Japanese adults (21), use of one formula for all racial/ethnic groups may simplify the application of GFR prediction equations for clinicians and boost CKD screening.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence Estimates among Racial/Ethnic Groups

Kramer¹,

Palmas²,

Kestenbaum³

et al. 2008

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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Results: Among women, CKD prevalence estimates across the four racial/ethnic groups using the MDRD-or the cystatin C-based GFR equations, which include gender and race coefficients, varied by approximately two-fold (P < 0.0001) but were more congruent with use of a serum cystatin C-based equation without the use of coefficients (P ‫؍‬ 0.3). CKD prevalence estimates did not differ significantly across racial/ethnic groups among men with the MDRD (P ‫؍‬ 0.07) or cystatin C formula without coefficients (P ‫؍‬ 0.05) but did differ significantly with the cystatin C formula, which incorporates gender and race coefficients (P ‫؍‬ 0.006).Conclusions: CKD prevalence estimates vary across racial/ethnic groups, and the degree of variability depends on the method used to estimate GFR, especially among women. Further research is needed to determine the accuracy and precision of GFR prediction equations in racially diverse populations.

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“…The broad issues for proper selection of eGFR formulae were introduced [16,17,18]. Methods for developing estimating equations were reviewed, including the inherent problems involved in regression, linear assumption and calibration of plasma creatinine or other measurements.…”

Section: China (L Zuo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Report of the Asian Forum of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiative (AFCKDI) 2007. “Current status and perspective of CKD in Asia”: diversity and specificity among Asian countries

et al. 2009

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Application of GFR-estimating equations in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease

Cited by 179 publications

References 25 publications

Cardiovascular Disease in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Population

Cardiovascular Disease in Early Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease in a Chinese Population

Chronic Kidney Disease Prevalence Estimates among Racial/Ethnic Groups

Report of the Asian Forum of Chronic Kidney Disease Initiative (AFCKDI) 2007. “Current status and perspective of CKD in Asia”: diversity and specificity among Asian countries

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