Application of geophysical approach to highway pavement failure: a case study from basement complex terrain southwestern Nigeria

Adenika, Charles I.; Ariyibi, Emmanuel A.; Awoyemi, Musa Olufemi; Adebayo, Akanmu; Dasho, Oluwaseyi A.; Olagunju, Emmanuel

doi:10.1186/s40703-018-0076-0

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…One of the most popular methods to understand the possible hazards of seismic events on infrastructure development is by using geophysical methods. These methods have been used for several years by researchers and practitioners related to soils and foundations applications [4,5] and highway site investigation [6][7][8][9]. Geophysical methods not only provide means for probing the soil properties, sediments and rock outcrops but also to calculate the dynamic properties of soils like soil compression and shear wave velocities [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Study of Local Site Response for Bedrock Ground Motion to Earthquake in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

et al. 2020

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Earthquakes, when it comes to natural calamities, are characteristically devastating and pose serious threats to buildings in urban areas. Out of multiple seismic regions in the Himalayas, Bhutan Himalaya is one that reigns prominent. Bhutan has seen several moderate-sized earthquakes in the past century and various recent works show that a major earthquake like the 2015 Nepal earthquake is impending. The southwestern city of Bhutan, Phuentsholing is one of the most populated regions in the country and the present study aims to explore the area using geophysical methods (Multispectral Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW)) for understanding possibilities pertaining to infrastructural development. The work involved a geophysical study on eight different sites in the study region which fall under the local area plan of Phuentsholing City. The geophysical study helps to discern shear wave velocity which indicates the soil profile of a region along with possible seismic hazard during an earthquake event, essential for understanding the withstanding power of the infrastructure foundation. The acquired shear wave velocity by MASW indicates visco-elastic soil profile down to a depth of 22.2 m, and it ranged from 350 to 600 m/s. A site response analysis to understand the correlation of bedrock rigidness to the corresponding depth was conducted using EERA (Equivalent-linear Earthquake Site Response Analysis) software. The amplification factors are presented for each site and maximum amplification factors are highlighted. These results have led to a clear indication of how the bedrock characteristics influence the surface ground motion parameters for the corresponding structure period. The results infer that the future constructional activity in the city should not be limited to two- to five-story buildings as per present practice. Apart from it, a parametric study was initiated to uncover whatever effects rigid bedrock has upon hazard parameters for various depths of soil profile up to 30 m, 40 m, 60 m, 80 m, 100 m, 120 m, 140 m, 160 m, 180 m and 200 m from the ground surface. The overriding purpose of doing said parametric study is centered upon helping the stack holders who can use the data for future development. Such a study is the first of its kind for the Bhutan region, which suffers from the unavailability of national seismic code, and this is a preliminary step towards achieving it.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Study of Local Site Response for Bedrock Ground Motion to Earthquake in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

et al. 2020

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“…All these culminate in adverse economic development of the areas in the highway domain. Many causes have been suggested or ascribed to the highway's collapse, including poor design and construction, excessive traffic, bad maintenance, inadequate roadway amenities, inadequate laboratory and in-situ tests, and the use of low-quality materials (Okigbo, 2012;Osuolale et al, 2012;Owoseni et al, 2019;Okunlola et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameters Modeling and Probing of Highway Structural Deterioration: Case study of F-209 Segment of Ondo - Ore Pavement, Southwestern Nigeria

Falowo

2023

Idn. J. Earth Sci.

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The construction of highway route is influenced by geology, geotechnical, topography, and geomorphology of the terrain. However, for pavement that failed structurally, a critical investigation is required to ascertain the cause(s) of its failure, so that such study can assist during the rehabilitation/re-construction phase. Based on this, the incessant failed Ondo – Ore was studied using integrated methods. Electrical resistivity involving four vertical electrical sounding, ten dynamic cone penetration test, three coring by trial pits at 1.0 to 3.0 m offset from the edge of the highway at different chain-age, and laboratory geotechnical-geochemical analysis adopting standard procedures. The VES characterized the geological sequence within the highway alignment to be topsoil, subsoil, weathered layer, and basement rock. The topsoil/subsoil and the weathered layer on which the highway is founded is sandy clay and clay with resistivity less than 200 ohm-m. The depths to basement ranged from 33.5 to 45.1 m. The trial pits recordings are consistent with the results of the VES, geotechnical, and geochemical analysis, distinctly distinguishing the upper 1 m into clayey soil (sandy clay, clayey hardpan) laterite, and silt-clay-sand mixture. The engineering competence of the topsoil/subsoil on which the road is founded is poor, although is inactive SC-SM, A-7-5/A-7-6 lateritic soil type (silica-sesquioxide ratio of 1.67). The clay mineralogy is within the illite – montmorillonite group. The SNG, SN, and SNP contributions of the soil as subgrade, subbase, and base material are very low (<1.0). The regression models of all parameters correlated positively, although weak for RD and DCPI, in-situ CBR and MR, RD and in-situ CBR; while strong for soaked CBR and in-situ CBR, ER and MR. Consequently, based on the GI and CBR values, the expected average thickness of the highway should range between 191 mm (good segment) to 445 mm (for weak segment) (avg. 312 mm) which is far thicker than 274 mm measured along the highway alignment during reconnaissance survey. Therefore, it can be concluded that the failure of the highway is as a result of low soaked CBR/in-situ CBR values with low strength coefficient; and low design thickness across the highway. In addition, lack of drainage at the shoulders of the highway is also causative factor. Hence, the need for effective design of roads (to specification) and maintenance strategy was therefore advocated.

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“…Several authors have shown the success of these methods or other integrated geological methods in highway subsoil evaluation. The geotechnical method was adopted by [12] and [6]; while authors [13][14][15] used the geophysical method. A study by [16] employed the geophysical and geotechnical methods and [17] adopted the mineralogical, geochemical, and geotechnical methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Resistivity, Index, and Strength Characteristics of Subgrade Soils: Implication for Highway Pavement Failure Studies in North-Central Nigeria

Opemipo

Oloruntola

Oladele

2022

GSE

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Integrated geophysical and geotechnical studies have been carried out to determine the geological cause(s) of the failure of sections of Ajaokuta -Anyigba Highway, North-central Nigeria. Forty-eight (48) Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were conducted on failed and stable sections of the highway. Also, twenty-one (21) subgrade soil samples close to VES stations from the unstable and stable sections of the highway were subjected to laboratory geotechnical analyses which include grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction (Optimum Moisture Content, OMC, and Maximum Dry Density, MDD) and California bearing ratio (CBR) at soaked and unsoaked states following American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) standards as appropriate. The geophysical results show that low resistivity (10-100 Ohms-m) inferred as clay/silt of low competence characterizes the subgrade soils of the unstable segment. While higher resistivity (148-272 Ohms-m) interpreted as sandy-clay/silt with moderate competence was obtained for the subgrade soils of the stable segment. Results of Geotechnical tests show that the subgrade soils of the unstable segment have geotechnical properties that generally fall below required standard specifications. Strong correlations of R = 0.86, 0.9, and -0.88 were obtained between CBR and sand, resistivity, and the amounts of fines, while a fairly strong correlation of R = -0.67 was obtained for the plasticity index. The high level of correlation implies that CBR can be predicted from geophysical data and other geotechnical parameters. The study has revealed that the advanced weathering of the underlying Mica-Schist to clayey/silty subgrades with unsuitable geophysical and geotechnical properties is a major contributor to the instability of the highway.

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Application of geophysical approach to highway pavement failure: a case study from basement complex terrain southwestern Nigeria

Cited by 12 publications

References 4 publications

Parametric Study of Local Site Response for Bedrock Ground Motion to Earthquake in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

Parametric Study of Local Site Response for Bedrock Ground Motion to Earthquake in Phuentsholing, Bhutan

Parameters Modeling and Probing of Highway Structural Deterioration: Case study of F-209 Segment of Ondo - Ore Pavement, Southwestern Nigeria

Integrated Resistivity, Index, and Strength Characteristics of Subgrade Soils: Implication for Highway Pavement Failure Studies in North-Central Nigeria

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