Application of focused ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis in the study of the surface alterations of archaeological tin-glazed ceramics

Doménech‐Carbó, María Teresa; Mai-Cerovaz, Carolina; Doménech‐Carbó, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.01.292

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…In addition to this, calcium oxalates can be induced by the metabolic reaction of microorganisms that could promote the occurrence of oxalates from the degraded organic matter they infiltrated. To summarize, calcium oxalates cannot be used as a biomarker for any specific organic material due to their ubiquitous nature [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Process of Animal Mummification in Ancient Egypt: Molecular Characterization of Embalming Material and the Use of Brassicaceae Seed Oil in the Mummification of Gazelle Mummies from Kom Mereh, Egypt

et al. 2022

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The study of animal mummification in ancient Egypt has recently received increasing attention from a number of modern scholars given the fact that this part of ancient Egyptian funerary and religious history is a practice yet to be fully understood. In this study, nine samples of embalming matter were extracted from six gazelle mummies from the archaeological site of Kom Mereh (modern village of Komir), dated to the Roman period of dominance in ancient Egypt. All samples were analyzed for the presence of inorganic and organic matter applying a multi-analytical approach based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Furthermore, in order to identify more specific compounds such as bitumen and beeswax in studied balms, each sample was subjected to a solid phase extraction (SPE) and saponification separation process, respectively. The results of this study revealed that the majority of the analyzed embalming substances sampled from six gazelle mummies from Kom Mereh were complex mixtures of plant oils, animal fats, conifer resin, and beeswax. In this regard, this study was able to report a practice until now unmentioned in the scientific literature, namely, the use of cruciferous oil, derived from seeds of Brassicaceae plants, in animal mummification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Process of Animal Mummification in Ancient Egypt: Molecular Characterization of Embalming Material and the Use of Brassicaceae Seed Oil in the Mummification of Gazelle Mummies from Kom Mereh, Egypt

et al. 2022

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“…Furthermore, it allows for the identification of indicators such as the absence of spots, cracks, and darkness on the surface of irradiated materials. SEM images of the Schiff base compound indicated a tendency to form a smooth, uniform, and homogeneous surface after exposure [10]. Additionally, the absence of spots, cracks, and darkness, along with the presence of regular and non-rough areas, were observed.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 94%

Laser and Scanning Electron Spectroscopyof Benzyl Hydrogen-4-(Dimethylamino) Benzylidene Hydroxycarbon Hydrazodithiate Schiff’s Base

S. Hameed,

Ahmed,

Kadhom

et al. 2023

ANJS

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The Schiff base compound, benzyl hydrogen-4-(dimethylamino) benzylidene hydroxycarbon hydrazodithiate(BHDBHH), was investigated under continuous wave laser beam irradiation (30 mW), and its chemical properties were analyzed. The material's chemical properties were found to be affected during laser processing. We examined the chemical properties of the Schiff base using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) Spectroscopy. By varying the exposure time, we discovered that longer exposure times resulted in a darker colouration of the compound, even at a low power of 30 mW. This finding led us to conclude that the compound is highly sensitive to laser exposure and can be easily diffused with a more powerful laser. The EDX test revealed a significant reduction in the sulfur element, with more than 50% of it being burned during the exposure.

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“…Alongside isotopic analysis, the quantification of trace elements has also become increasingly common in archaeology, and the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry have grown considerably in the field ( 40 , 41 ), as have studies employing scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in elemental analysis. These techniques are often combined to maximize applications, ranging from studying surface modifications of archaeological ceramics to identifying waterlogged wood anatomy, to identifying the earliest uses of lacquer ( 42 – 44 ). The development of relatively inexpensive portable XRF (pXRF) units has facilitated archaeologists’ capacity to nondestructively generate elemental data from artifacts and raw materials in a unique way.…”

Section: Advancement Of Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current developments and future directions in archaeological science

Birch

Szpak

2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Application of focused ion beam-field emission scanning electron microscopy-X-ray microanalysis in the study of the surface alterations of archaeological tin-glazed ceramics

Cited by 5 publications

References 61 publications

Rethinking the Process of Animal Mummification in Ancient Egypt: Molecular Characterization of Embalming Material and the Use of Brassicaceae Seed Oil in the Mummification of Gazelle Mummies from Kom Mereh, Egypt

Rethinking the Process of Animal Mummification in Ancient Egypt: Molecular Characterization of Embalming Material and the Use of Brassicaceae Seed Oil in the Mummification of Gazelle Mummies from Kom Mereh, Egypt

Laser and Scanning Electron Spectroscopyof Benzyl Hydrogen-4-(Dimethylamino) Benzylidene Hydroxycarbon Hydrazodithiate Schiff’s Base

Current developments and future directions in archaeological science

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