Application of Fertilizers to Checked Plantations

Holmes, G. D.; Cousins, David Andrew

doi:10.1093/forestry/33.1.54

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Currently much research is being done to determine what increases in timber production will result from adding fertilizers to forests. The fertilization of extensive tracks of forest is now a practical proposition and small pellets containing nutrients essential for tree growth can be dropped from aeroplanes (Holmes & Cousins, 1960). Variable results are being obtained for fertilizers applied to old forests, in some cases the nutrient contents of the fertilized trees increase without any corresponding increase in wood production but in other cases marked increments in tree growth occur.…”

Section: ( D ) Use Of Chemical Jertilizm-smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Production, Turnover and Mineral Cycling in Woodlands

Ovington

1965

Biological Reviews

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Summary 1. A distinction is made between the production of tree trunks (economic) and the production of all kinds of primary organic matter (biological) by woodland plants capable of photosynthesis. 2. Yield tables, quality class and site index are considered to be reasonably satisfactory indicators of trunk wood production, but their value as indicators of biological production has not been demonstrated. 3. Some factors, namely geographical, weather, edaphic, genetical, management and biotic, are considered in relation to their influence on economic production. 4. Attention is drawn to the relative paucity of data on biological production. 5. The available information of woodland biomass suggests that the greatest biomass of the world's forests exceeds 500 times 103 kg. of oven‐dry material per hectare. 6. The annual accumulation of plant material in woodland ecosystems can be very rapid, up to about 20 kg./ha. when growth is active. The bulk of the organic matter is in tree trunks but where decomposition is slow large amounts of organic matter are present as litter on the forest floor. 7. Biomass change is considered an unsuitable measure of biological production since it is affected greatly by tree harvesting. 8. Net primary production is regarded as a better measure of biological production. Some of the more serious sources of error in determining net primary production are emphasized. Generally net primary production is underestimated because of failure to take into account the removal of photosynthate by animals and because of infrequent sampling so that the production of plant parts such as inflorescences is missed. 9. Woodlands are shown to be one of the most productive terrestrial communities, giving a range of annual production as 103 kg./ha., from 5 for fir forests of the northern taiga in the U.S.S.R. to 33 in tropical rain forests. The capacity of forests to produce large amounts of organic matter annually is attributed to the large root and leaf mass which permit relatively full use to be made of the soil and incident solar energy. 10. A large part of the organic matter produced by woodland plants is broken down by the secondary producers. Associated with the annual turnover of organic matter in woodlands, nutrient elements circulate through woodland ecosystems. The annual retention of nutrient elements within the biomass is much less than what is returned to the soil by litter fall. Taking a hard beech forest in New Zealand as an example, the woodland plants have an annual uptake as kg. per hectare of potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and nitrogen of 34, 84, 12, 3‐3 and 40 respectively, but about 30, 74, 11, 2–6 and 37 are returned annually in the litter fall. 11. The annual cycle of mineral elements is regarded as a polycyclic system affected by various input and output factors. The loss of nutrients through the harvesting of tree boles, for instance, is relatively small compared to the addition of nutrients in precipitation. 12. Soil changes resulting from the variable balance in the fact...

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Section: ( D ) Use Of Chemical Jertilizm-smentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Production, Turnover and Mineral Cycling in Woodlands

Ovington

1965

Biological Reviews

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“…Past research has demonstrated the potential of soil scarification (e.g., Richardson 1979, Prévost andDumais 2003), fertilization (e.g., Holmes and Cousins 1960, Taylor and Tabbush 1990, Blevins et al 2006, and herbicide application (LeBel et al 2008) to improve conifer seedling establishment and early growth. Soil scarification in boreal ecosystems disturbs the thick organic layer and exposes the mineral soil, thus increasing root zone temperatures, favouring better access to soil water, stimulating decomposition, and creating competition-free microsites (Örlander et al 1990(Örlander et al , Prévost 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-five years post-treatment conifer responses to silviculture on aKalmia-dominated site in eastern Canada

Thiffault¹,

Titus²,

English³

2017

The Forestry Chronicle

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Research has demonstrated the potential of soil scarification, fertilization, and herbicide application to improve conifer seedling establishment and early growth. However, tree responses to and interactions among silvicultural treatments vary, making it difficult to predict mid-and long-term impacts of silviculture on stand productivity. We thus evaluated the 25-year effects of scarification and herbicide-fertilization combinations on black spruce (Picea mariana), jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and tamarack (Larix laricina) planted on a Kalmia angustifolia-dominated site. Our results show that the effects of scarification and herbicide-fertilization combinations diverged among species. Black spruce was the most responsive species to scarification for height and diameter at breast height. The combination of herbicide and fertilization treatments still had significantly positive effects on the long-term height and diameter growth of all species. Silvicultural treatments resulted in significant reductions in rotation length (based on height) when compared to height in nontreated-plots, depending on the species; reductions in years to attain a given height were greater for black spruce than for the other species. Our results illustrate the need to take species autecology into account when predicting productivity gains associated with early silviculture, and to provide managers with specific guidelines for the reforestation of ericaceous-dominated sites in Canadian boreal ecosystems. KeywordsKalmia angustifolia, vegetation management, scarification, autecology, herbicide, fertilization, black spruce, jack pine, tamarack RÉSUMÉLa recherche scientifique a déjà montré que le scarifiage, la fertilisation et les épandages d'herbicides pouvaient améliorer l'établissement et la croissance initiale des semis de conifères. Cependant, la réaction des arbres aux interventions sylvicoles et leurs interactions viennent compliquer la prédiction des effets à moyen et long termes des interventions sylvicoles sur la productivité à l'échelle du peuplement. Ainsi, nous avons voulu évaluer après 25 ans l' effet de du scarifiage et de diverses combinaisons d'herbicides-fertilisation sur l' épinette noire (Picea mariana), le pin gris (Pinus banksiana) et le mélèze laricin (Larix laricina) en plantation sur une station à dominance de Kalmia angustifolia. Nous avons observé que le scarifiage et différentes combinaisons d'herbicides-fertilisation avaient des effets différents selon les essences. C' est l' épi-nette noire qui a connu la réponse la plus importante au scarifiage, tant en hauteur qu' en diamètre. Les combinaisons de traitements avec des herbicides et des engrais ont amélioré de façon significative la croissance à long terme en hauteur et en diamètre de toutes les essences. Les traitements sylvicoles ont réduit de façon variable la révolution (basée sur la hauteur) par rapport aux placettes non traitées, cette réduction variant suivant les essences; la réduction a été plus importante pour l'épinette noire que pour les autre...

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Forest fertilization research, 1957–1964

Mustanoja¹,

Leaf²

1965

Bot. Rev

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Application of Fertilizers to Checked Plantations

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Organic Production, Turnover and Mineral Cycling in Woodlands

Organic Production, Turnover and Mineral Cycling in Woodlands

Twenty-five years post-treatment conifer responses to silviculture on aKalmia-dominated site in eastern Canada

Forest fertilization research, 1957–1964

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