Application of failure mode and effect analysis and cause and effect analysis and Pareto diagram in conjunction with HACCP to a chocolate‐producing industry: a case study of tentative GMO detection at pilot plant scale

Abstract

Although the application of hazard analysis critical control point in the food industry dates back to the 1970s, a more quantitative and reliable approach towards risk assessment became feasible through application of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) model. A tentative approach of FMEA application to a filled chocolate-producing industry was attempted in an effort to exclude the presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in the final product. This is of crucial importance both from the moral (ethics) and the legislation (EC 1829(EC /2003 EC 1830 EC /2003 EC 18/2001) point of view. Two structured methods (preliminary hazard analysis and fault tree analysis) were used to analyse and predict the occurring failure modes in food chain system, based on the functions, characteristics and/or interactions of the ingredients or the processes, upon which the system depends. Cause and effect diagram (also known as Ishikawa, tree diagram and fishbone diagram) and Pareto diagram emerged as two very useful and effective tools towards optimising the GMO detection potential of FMEA.

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for confectionery manufacturing in developing countries: Turkish delight production as a case study

“…Increased chlorine concentration in water primarily decreases the sensorial quality of water and the quality of the products if water is used in their processes. Although no adverse toxicological effects of increased chlorine concentration were observed in studies conducted with males, dermatitis, bladder cancer, increased serum cholesterol and low lipoprotein were based on the results of risk assessment to reduce or eliminate the potential failures from the system (SCIPIONI et al, 2002;VARZAKAS 2007aVARZAKAS , b, 2008SZOVATI;BIACS;KISS, 2008;OZILGEN et al, 2011).…”

“…The analysis was based on information obtained from highly experienced food safety auditors in Turkey (practical information) and studieson similar food items in the literature. Pareto diagrams (Figure 2a,b) were constructed by following the procedure proposed by Arvanitoyannis and Savelides (2007) to visualize the percent contribution of the RPN of each processing stage to the total RPN of the process before and after implementing the corrective actions.…”

Simulation and evaluation of GM and non-GM segregation management strategies among European grain merchants

“…This is made using risk management policies based on HACCP (Scipioni et al, 2005) or IFMEA (Arvanitoyannis and Savelides, 2007) combine with testing procedures using quantitative methods such as PCR test (Lü thy, 1999;Arvanitoyannis, 2006).…”

The Virtues of the Vice of Cooperation between Rival Firms: A Simulation Model to Evaluate the Performance of Coopetition Strategy in the Grain Merchant Industry

“…This is done using risk management policies such as HACCP (Scipioni et al 2005) or FMEA (Arvanitoyannis and Savelides, 2007) combined with testing procedures using quantitative methods such as the PCR test (Lüthy 1999;Arvanitoyannis, 2006) For maize production, the link between industry and farms is the country elevator (USA), or grain merchant (UK), whose infrastructure is the site of the highest mixing risk between GM and non-GM corps (Le Bail and Valceschini, 2004). Several critical features have been identified in this collection chain (Bullock and Dequilbet, 2002;Le Bail, 2003), concerned with cropping plan management, storage of harvested products and, in the case of maize, drying, which is a bottleneck in maize collection.…”