Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis

Zhou, Biting; Xu, Kailun; Zheng, Xi; Chen, Ting; Wang, Jian; Song, Yinjing; Shao, Yingkuan; Zheng, Shu

doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00258-9

Cited by 473 publications

(433 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…They are known to be involved in cell–cell communication [ 13 ] and; aid in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and nerve regeneration process [ 14 ]. These processes are through various exosomes mediated signaling cross-talks [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. The generalized mechanism of transmission of signals in the CNS is through a chemical and electrical synapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

Rastogi

Sharma

Bharti

et al. 2021

IJMS

107

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Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) remains to be one of the biggest burdens on healthcare systems and serves as a leading cause of disability and death. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is among the most common of such disorders, followed by Parkinson’s disease (PD). The basic molecular details of disease initiation and pathology are still under research. Only recently, the role of exosomes has been linked to the initiation and progression of these neurodegenerative diseases. Exosomes are small bilipid layer enclosed extracellular vesicles, which were once considered as a cellular waste and functionless. These nano-vesicles of 30–150 nm in diameter carry specific proteins, lipids, functional mRNAs, and high amounts of non-coding RNAs (miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs). As the exosomes content is known to vary as per their originating and recipient cells, these vesicles can be utilized as a diagnostic biomarker for early disease detection. Here we review exosomes, their biogenesis, composition, and role in neurodegenerative diseases. We have also provided details for their characterization through an array of available techniques. Their updated role in neurodegenerative disease pathology is also discussed. Finally, we have shed light on a novel field of salivary exosomes as a potential candidate for early diagnosis in neurodegenerative diseases and compared the biomarkers of salivary exosomes with other blood/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) based exosomes within these neurological ailments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

Rastogi

Sharma

Bharti

et al. 2021

IJMS

107

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“…On the other hand, research interests have extended to the value of exosomes in the diagnosis of cancer, degenerative and metabolic diseases, which are evaluated by many ongoing clinical investigations. 9 Exosomes are also characterized as signalosomes since they convey signals via ligands or adhesion molecules expressed on the exosomal membrane, or packaged as cargo inside the exosome. 10 Therefore, exosomes mediate signal transduction either by membranous interactions with the plasma membrane of recipient cells, or by payload release following cell uptake of exosomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Advances in Exosome-Based Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting: From Tissue Distribution to Intracellular Fate</p>

Shao

Zaro

Shen

2020

IJN

169

100

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Exosomes or small extracellular vesicles are considered a new generation of bioinspired-nanoscale drug delivery system (DDS). Endogenous exosomes function as signalosomes since they convey signals via ligands or adhesion molecules located on the exosomal membrane, or packaged inside the exosome. Recently, exosome membrane modification, therapeutic payloads encapsulation, and modulation of in vivo disposition of exosomes have been extensively investigated, among which significant advances have been made to optimize exosome-mediated delivery to solid tumors. Exosomes, specifically tumor cell-derived exosomes, are presumed to have tumor-preferential delivery due to the homotypic features. However, quality attributes that dictate the tissue distribution, cell typeselective uptake, and intracellular payload release of the administered exosomes, as well as the spatiotemporal information regarding exosome fate in vivo, remain to be further investigated. This review summarizes recent advances in developing exosomes as drug delivery platforms with a focus on tumor targeting. The pharmacokinetic features of naive exosomes and factors influencing their intracellular fate are summarized. Recent strategies to improve tumor targeting of exosomes are also reviewed in the context of the biological features of tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME). Selected approaches to augment tumor tissue deposition of exosomes, as well as methods to enhance intracellular payload delivery, are summarized with emphasis on the underlying mechanisms (eg, passive or active targeting, endosomal escape, etc.). In conclusion, this review highlights recently reported tumortargeting strategies of exosome-based drug delivery, and it's in the hope that multiple approaches might be employed in a synergistic combination in the development of exosomebased cancer therapy.

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“…Exosomes modulate host immune and inflammatory responses during infection [ 20 , 21 ], and have been also suggested to be applicable in basic research, disease diagnostic biomarkers and vaccine discovery [ 4 , 22 ], and in therapeutic targets [ 23 , 24 ]. Exosomes application as a liquid biopsy in the field of oncology, pregnancy disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantaion has been documented [ 25 ]. In addition, they have been suggested to be amenable as an effective liquid biopsy technique in non-invasive tumor diagnosis and monitoring [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], and are useful to evaluate the therapy response in disease [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review

Biadglegne

König

Rodloff

et al. 2021

JCM

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health issue worldwide. In order to contain TB infections, improved vaccines as well as accurate and reliable diagnostic tools are desirable. Exosomes are employed for the diagnosis of various diseases. At present, research on exosomes in TB is still at the preliminary stage. Recent studies have described isolation and characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) derived exosomes in vivo and in vitro. Mtb-derived exosomes (Mtbexo) may be critical for TB pathogenesis by delivering mycobacterial-derived components to the recipient cells. Proteomic and transcriptomic analysis of Mtbexo have revealed a variety of proteins and miRNA, which are utilized by the TB bacteria for pathogenesis. Exosomes have been isolated in body fluids, are amenable for fast detection, and could contribute as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker to disease control. Extraction of exosomes from biological fluids is essential for the exosome research and requires careful standardization for TB. In this review, we summarized the different studies on Mtbexo molecules, including protein and miRNA and the methods used to detect exosomes in biological fluids and cell culture supernatants. Thus, the detection of Mtbexo molecules in biological fluids may have a potential to expedite the diagnosis of TB infection. Moreover, the analysis of Mtbexo may generate new aspects in vaccine development.

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Application of exosomes as liquid biopsy in clinical diagnosis

Cited by 473 publications

References 180 publications

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

The Evolving Landscape of Exosomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exosomes Characteristics and a Promising Role in Early Diagnosis

<p>Advances in Exosome-Based Drug Delivery and Tumor Targeting: From Tissue Distribution to Intracellular Fate</p>

Composition and Clinical Significance of Exosomes in Tuberculosis: A Systematic Literature Review

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