Application of Enzymes in Regioselective and Stereoselective Organic Reactions

Abstract

Nowadays, biocatalysts have received much more attention in chemistry regarding their potential to enable high efficiency, high yield, and eco-friendly processes for a myriad of applications. Nature’s vast repository of catalysts has inspired synthetic chemists. Furthermore, the revolutionary technologies in bioengineering have provided the fast discovery and evolution of enzymes that empower chemical synthesis. This article attempts to deliver a comprehensive overview of the last two decades of investigation into enzymatic reactions and highlights the effective performance progress of bio-enzymes exploited in organic synthesis. Based on the types of enzymatic reactions and enzyme commission (E.C.) numbers, the enzymes discussed in the article are classified into oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, and lyases. These applications should provide us with some insight into enzyme design strategies and molecular mechanisms.

Enzyme‐Instructed Self‐Assembly of Peptides: From Concept to Representative Applications

“…Fmoc-glycosamine-6-phosphate precursors take part in pericellular EISA with ALP to form the cytotoxic assemblies on the cancer cell membrane as well as to interrupt the glucose uptake by the competitive binding in the glucose binding pocket of GLUT1. [28b] The phosphopeptide precursor (21), containing the specific peptide ligand of CCK2R (NleÀ GlyÀ TrpÀ NleÀ AspÀ Phe), also allows the pericellular EISA with ALP hydrolysis (Figure 5b). [60]…”

“…In marked contrast to inorganic catalysts, enzymes are highly specific to the chemical reactions they catalyze. Depending on the type of enzyme, they exhibit great degrees of substrate specificity [21] . This specificity makes the enzyme valuable for eliciting the selective event, promising to be the trigger.…”

Promising strategies to control persistent enemies: Some new technologies to combat biofilm in the food industry—A review

“…All cellular metabolisms are highly dependent on enzymes, meaning that even a slight change or modification could have notable impacts on reactions and could even compromise every element related to the chemical reaction (Sreedhar & Zhao, 2018). Beyond the food industry, the fields in which enzymes are applied are innumerable, including textile (Madhu & Chakraborty, 2017;Sarkar et al, 2020), chemistry (Mu et al, 2020), medicine (Priyadarsini et al, 2018), pharmaceutical (Basso & Serban, 2019), and biofuel industries (Ebaid et al, 2019).…”

Process Intensification of Enzymatic Synthesis of Flavor Esters: A Review

“…[24][25][26] Lipases, if used to catalyze esterification reaction and transesterification reactions in the presence of organic solvents, [27,28] have shown improved catalyst activity and stability at high temperatures [29,30] regiospecificity and stereoselectivity and may be influenced by water. [31] Basically, they do not need cofactors for activity, and the benefits discussed above allow their application in the synthesis of several specialty compounds and pharmaceutical drugs. The application of lipase enzymes in esterification reactions to synthesize valuable products like surfactants, emulsifiers, cosmetic wax esters, chiral molecules, modified fats and oils, biopolymers, lipids, and flavor esters is essential fascinating.…”