Application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as multielemental analysis to determine the elemental composition of crumb rubber samples

Miskolczi, Norbert; Nagy, Rudolph; Bartha, L.; Halmos, Pál; Fazekas, B.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2007.08.007

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As it can be performed on solid samples, this technique is highly attractive for both qualitative and quantitative measurements in the industry, and it is used intensively by the mining industry instead of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or AAS, which require labor‐intensive and time‐consuming sample digestion. XRF spectroscopy has been proposed as a fast and nondestructive tool to quantify rubber and GTR, but its use is not widespread, which may, in part, be related to variations caused by granulometry and sample surface in this technique. It has been used on vulcanized styrene copolymers, recycled thermoplastics from electronic waste, as well as waste GTR .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…XRF spectroscopy has been proposed as a fast and nondestructive tool to quantify rubber and GTR, but its use is not widespread, which may, in part, be related to variations caused by granulometry and sample surface in this technique. It has been used on vulcanized styrene copolymers, recycled thermoplastics from electronic waste, as well as waste GTR . The latter study showed very interesting results, with differences between XRF spectroscopy and ICP‐OES below 8%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Mans et al . investigated thermoplastics recycled from electronics enclosures (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polystyrene, styrene–butadiene, polyphenylene oxide, and polyvinyl chloride) with this method, whereas Miskolczi et al . proposed its use for inorganic compositional analysis in compressed crumb rubber samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of recycled styrene butadiene rubber ground tire rubber: Combining X‐ray fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical thermal analysis for quality control

Liang

Rodrigue

Brisson

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Appraisal of the main rubber characterization techniques for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) was performed on standard SBR samples as well as recycled ground tire rubber (GTR) from an industrial tire recycling facility, containing a blend of SBR and natural rubber. The aim of the work was to provide additional information relevant to quality control in the field of rubber recycling. Benchmark characterization of industrial samples by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, solid-state proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental (CHNS) analysis are reported. X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is shown to be rapid and quantitative for determining the zinc content in an industrial context. Thermogravimetric analysis, already used to determine carbon black and inorganic material content in rubbers and GTR, is recommended for determination of monomer weight ratios of SBR sources not containing other rubbers, but not for GTR. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements of the glass-transition show that changes in monomer ratio affect glass-transition temperature values, and therefore, DSC can be used to detect changes in rubber composition from batch to batch. These results show that DSC and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy characterization techniques can be used for GTR and may lead to more thorough and rapid quality control procedures of these complex samples.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of recycled styrene butadiene rubber ground tire rubber: Combining X‐ray fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical thermal analysis for quality control

Liang

Rodrigue

Brisson

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…They found that XRF was a suitable and cost-effective method to analyse rubber samples, thanks to its high accuracy, low LLD (Lowest Limit of Detection) value and quick analysis without sample preparation [30].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Rarely Investigated Trace Elements As, P, Sr, Zr, Rb and Y in Waste Tires

Rácz¹,

Solti²,

Gresits³

et al. 2015

Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng.

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“…The use of X-ray spectroscopy to analyse the total bromine content in polymeric materials could provide a useful approach, offering a simple and economical sample preparation. [17][18][19] In particular, the efficiency of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy for total bromine content screening in WEEE plastics has been investigated. XRF spectroscopy being a relative method and concentration determination of an element being very sensitive to matrix effect, a suitable standard material for calibration is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient and fast analytical procedure for the bromine determination in waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics

Taurino

Cannio

Mafredini

et al. 2014

Environmental Technology

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In this study, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy was used, in combination with micro-Raman spectroscopy, for a fast determination of bromine concentration and then of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) compounds in waste electrical and electronic equipments. Different samples from different recycling industries were characterized to evaluate the sorting performances of treatment companies. This investigation must be considered of prime research interest since the impact of BFRs on the environment and their potential risk on human health is an actual concern. Indeed, the new European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS 2011/65/EU) demands that plastics with BFRs concentration above 0.1%, being potential health hazards, are identified and eliminated from the recycling process. Our results show the capability and the potential of Raman spectroscopy, together with XRF analysis, as effective tools for the rapid detection of BFRs in plastic materials. In particular, the use of these two techniques in combination can be considered as a promising method suitable for quality control applications in the recycling industry.

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Application of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as multielemental analysis to determine the elemental composition of crumb rubber samples

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of recycled styrene butadiene rubber ground tire rubber: Combining X‐ray fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical thermal analysis for quality control

Characterization of recycled styrene butadiene rubber ground tire rubber: Combining X‐ray fluorescence, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamical thermal analysis for quality control

Measurement of Rarely Investigated Trace Elements As, P, Sr, Zr, Rb and Y in Waste Tires

An efficient and fast analytical procedure for the bromine determination in waste electrical and electronic equipment plastics

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