Application of Electroextraction in Removing Copper from Molten Iron

In Situ and Ex Situ TEM Analysis of the Copper Precipitation in Martensitic Steel

“…[1] The problem of reducing the amount of Cu in recycled steel remains an unresolved issue, [2] prompting the search for new solutions for alloy purification. [3,4] Despite this, the unintentional content of this impurity already regularly reaches 0.3 pct and could even exceed 0.5 pct. [5] This fact raises the following problems: (i) the Cu content can easily exceed the value of 0.4 pct, already classified as an alloying value; (ii) once it has entered the steel circulation cycle, it is very difficult to remove copper through conventional metallurgy; (iii) separating the copper-free steel scrap from the copper-contaminated one leads to an increased logistic effort.…”