Application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Degradation and Aging Research of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Abstract

An in-depth understanding of battery degradation and aging in-Operando not only plays a vital role in the design of battery managing systems but also helps to ensure safe use and manufacturing optimization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in large-scale applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a nondestructive method which unravels electrode kinetic processes inside the batteries in different time domains, including charge-transfer reactions, interfacial evolutions, and mass diffusions. It has become a powerful diagnosis and pre/prognosis tool in battery aging research, as it provides important insight into the changes of internal electrochemical processes by correlating the impedance evolution to degradation mechanisms. This review gives a critical overview on rapidly developing impedance techniques for degradation and aging investigation of Li-ion batteries. The EIS variations of LIBs at different aging conditions of calendar aging and accelerated aging are systematically summarized. In addition, the working principles, data validation, and modeling methods, including equivalent circuit model (ECM), distribution of relaxation times (DRT), and transmission line model (TLM), of classical EIS and dynamic EIS are elaborately concluded. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of further application of EIS in the aging research of LIBs are presented.

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, another arrow in the arsenal to study the biodegradability of two-dimensional materials

“…When this happens, the value of impedance is governed by the diffusion rate of the electrochemical mediator from the bulk of the solution to the surface of the electrode. 28 In case of both CN Urea and oxCN Mel , higher values of impedance were recorded for the samples which underwent the photo-Fenton reaction. However, for oxCN Mel the difference is less pronounced, as the starting material was already oxidized and presented a higher impedance compared to CN Urea.…”

“…The contribution of each of these processes depends on the chemical composition of the material at the interface and on its morphology. 28 The photo-Fenton reaction is expected to degrade C 3 N 4 modifying its morphology, oxidation degree and introducing defects in the crystalline structure affecting the behavior of the material at the interface with an electrolyte solution. To confirm our hypothesis and prove that EIS can be used to study the degradation of 2D materials, we drop-cast aliquots of the two types of C 3 N 4 on top of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), sampled at time 0 and 100 h of the photo-Fenton reaction.…”

“…When this happens, the value of impedance is governed by the diffusion rate of the electrochemical mediator from the bulk of the solution to the surface of the electrode. 28…”

Towards stable electrode–electrolyte interphases: Regulating solvation structures in electrolytes for rechargeable batteries

“…While the distribution of relaxation times (DRTs) obtained from measured spectra can be a complementary tool for EIS analysis. [120,121] DRT allows for the separation, visualization, and quantification of different electrochemical processes within a system, providing valuable information (Figure 9A). [122] To achieve a more comprehensive interpretation of EIS results, Lu et al employed the DRTs method to analyze the kinetic transition of Li-In from alloying to metal deposition (Figure 9B).…”

Co9S8/Porous Carbon Catalysts Boosting Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: NaCl Assisted-Carbothermal Reduction Preparation and Distribution of Relaxation Time Technique Assessment

“…The area, location, and height of the peaks provide quantitative information about the reaction kinetics and performance-limiting processes. However, only a few previous studies have used DRT to gain insight into factors, including the process of ability decline, , the intrinsic relationship between electrode microstructure and battery performance, and the dynamics of interfacial processes of batteries. , It is highly desirable to use DRT to quantitatively analyze the catalytic mechanism of the multistep process of LPSs conversion.…”