Application of double-layer capacitor technology to static condensers for distribution system voltage control

Halpin, S.M.; Spyker, R.L.; Nelms, R.M.; Burch, Reuben F.

doi:10.1109/59.544661

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Now, assuming a pulsed load current with pulse frequency (the period ) and pulse duty ratio , the current for the first pulses can be expressed as (5) where is the amplitude of the current and is a unit step function at . The current in frequency domain can be found by performing the Laplace transform operation on (5), yielding the result (6) The average value of the load current can be expressed as the product of the pulsed amplitude times the duty factor as (7)…”

Section: A Circuit Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When , . For the current waveform defined by (5), the internal voltage drop is (9) The corresponding expression in the time domain is (10) From the circuit shown in Fig. 1, the output voltage can be found as (11) Applying the linear property of the Laplace transform to (11) and using (8) and (10), one obtains (12) The currents from the battery and the ultracapacitor can be found once the output voltage is resolved.…”

Section: B Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…U LTRACAPACITORS (or electrochemical double layer capacitors, supercapacitors [1]- [4]) are increasingly interesting because of their high-energy density (compared to conventional capacitors) and high-power density (compared to batteries and fuel cells). Reports of ultracapacitor applications in power distribution systems [5], [6] and in utility electronic apparatus [7]- [9] have described improvements in power quality, uninterrupted power supply (UPS), and memory backup. Considerable efforts [10]- [14] have been invested to exploit the 1521-3331/02$10.00 © 2002 IEEE high-power capability of ultracapacitor hybrids with batteries or fuel cells in pulsed operating modes, which are of particular interest to portable power systems, electric vehicles and digital telecommunication systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids

Dougal

Liu

White

2002

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

465

194

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The performance of a battery-ultracapacitor hybrid power source under pulsed load conditions is analytically described using simplified models. We show that peak power can be greatly enhanced, internal losses can be considerably reduced, and that discharge life of the battery is extended. Greatest benefits are seen when the load pulse rate is higher than the system eigen-frequency and when the pulse duty is small. Actual benefits are substantial; adding a 23 F ultracapacitor bank (3 7 PC10 ultracapacitors) in parallel with a typical Li-ion battery of 7.2 V and 1.35 A hr capacity can boost the peak power capacity by 5 times and reduce the power loss by 74%, while minimally impacting system volume and weight, for pulsed loads of 5 A, 1 Hz repetition rate, and 10% duty.

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Section: A Circuit Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids

Dougal

Liu

White

2002

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

465

194

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“…The applications of DLCs are very wide and cannot be exhaustively discussed, as new applications are being introduced in research year in and year out. Their applications include, but are not limited to, the following: applications in memory backups of computing devices [45], energy storage hybridization in electric vehicles [46][47][48], applications in static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs) for improved power quality in power distribution systems [36,49,50].…”

Section: History and Structure Of Dlcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical Circuit Modelling of Double Layer Capacitors for Power Electronics and Energy Storage Applications: A Review

2018

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There has been increasing interests in the use of double layer capacitors (DLCs)—most commonly referred to as supercapacitors (SCs), ultra-capacitors (UCs), or hybrid capacitors (HCs)—in the field of power electronics. This increased interest in the hybridization of energy storages for automotive applications over the past few years is because of their advantage of high power density over traditional battery technologies. To facilitate accurate design and simulation of these systems, there is a need to make use of accurate and well validated models. Several models have been postulated in literature, however, these models have various limitations and strengths, ranging from the ease of use down to the complexity of characterization and parameter identification. The aim of this paper is to review and compare these models, specifically focusing on the models that predict the electrical characteristics of DLCs. The uniqueness of this review is that it focusses on the electrical circuit models of DLCs, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of the different available models and the various areas for improvement.

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“…In this paper, a bank of SCs is used in the hybrid system as it has some advantages such as: huge capacitance, weak series resistance and high specific energy [5][6] in comparison with the BATs. Because of these reasons supercapacitors has been used in various field such as voltage regulation of industrial network [7], electrical vehicle [8], … To control the power flow between the energy sources, energy storage devices and the electrical load, the different type of hybrid electric systems and different control methods have been proposed. In [9], the authors propose a method with different algorithms such that in each operating mode, one of control algorithms is applied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligent control of a hybrid electric energy source

Payman

Dakyo

2014

IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society

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In this paper, an intelligent control strategy based on combination of the "flatness based control technique" and the "perturbation and observation (P&O) MPPT algorithm" is developed and investigated to control a hybrid electric energy source (HEPS). This EHPS is composed of a fuel cell system (FC) and a solar panel (SP), as the main source and a supercapacitor bank (SC), as the auxiliary sources. The main property of this strategy is that the system power flow is managed in different operating modes with the same control algorithm (without algorithm commutation). The power flows between the fuel cell, the SC is controlled by the flatness based control technique while a P&O MPPT technique is developed to control power of the SP. To validate performance of the proposed control of the HEPS, the simulation results are presented.

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Application of double-layer capacitor technology to static condensers for distribution system voltage control

Cited by 19 publications

References 8 publications

Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids

Power and life extension of battery-ultracapacitor hybrids

Electrical Circuit Modelling of Double Layer Capacitors for Power Electronics and Energy Storage Applications: A Review

Intelligent control of a hybrid electric energy source

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