Application of Double Deposition and Stripping Steps System for Minimization of Interferences of Peaks’ Overlapping in Anodic Stripping Voltammetry

Abstract

An anodic stripping voltammetric procedure for the determination of bismuth in the presence of excess of Cu2+ ions at two ex situ plated gold film electrodes was described. The procedure is based on utilization of two deposition and two stripping steps system. The presented procedure ensures increasing the sensitivity of Bi3+ determination and minimization of interferences related to peaks’ overlapping. The calibration graph for bismuth determination was linear from 2.5×10−9 to 2×10−8 mol L−1 for deposition time of 300 s at both working electrodes while detection limit was 7.7×10−10 mol L−1.

Double deposition/accumulation and double stripping steps system as a new way of decreasing the detection limit and elimination of interferences in stripping voltammetry of inorganic ions: A review

“…lowering the detection limit of analytical procedures as compared to the values obtained in a traditional three electrodes system [39–49];…”

“…(i) lowering the detection limit of analytical procedures as compared to the values obtained in a traditional three electrodes system [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]; (ii) an increase of determinations selectivity thanks to the appropriate selection of the first deposition/accumulation conditions and/or the first stripping potential from the first working electrode [42,43,45,46].…”

“…It was furthermore examined that a proper selection of the first deposition potential leads to elimination of interferences in the course of determination of Au(III) in the presence of comparable concentrations of Pd(II) and Pt(IV) and 100‐fold excess of Ag(I) [43], in the course of determination of In(III) in the presence of 2‐fold excess of Cd(II) and 100‐fold excess of Zn(II) [46] as well as in the course of Ga(III) ions determination in the presence of Zn(II) [49]. In the mentioned cases to the first working electrode two various values of deposition potential were alternatively applied: at the first potential value the determined species were deposited simultaneously with interfering ones; at the second value of deposition potential interfering metals were stripped from the first electrode surface to the bulk of the solution while leaving deposited analytes.…”

“…The subject of this article is reviewing the results of research concerning the utilization of double deposition/ accumulation and stripping steps as a new way of lowering the detection limit and increase the selectivity of determination of selected ions: (Pb(II), Cd(II), Tl(I), U-(VI), Au(III), As(III), Se(IV), In(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Bi-(III) and Ga(III)) [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. A significant decrease of the detection limits of the procedures of inorganic ions determination discussed below was obtained by omitting the additional step of preconcentration of the analyte outside the electrochemical cell before a proper analysis with the use of the environmentally friendly electrodes (or more environmentally friendly as compared to mercury ones).…”

“…In paper [25] an idea of double deposition and stripping steps similar to the abovementioned procedures [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] was utilized for Pb(II) and Cd(II) determination, however, in the mentioned protocol after the first deposition step a polarization of the first electrode was interrupted and then this electrode was quickly transferred to the another electrolytic cell of smaller sizes. During this transfer, the deposited metals had a contact with atmospheric air that might have resulted in a partial oxidation of deposited species.…”