Application of DNA Polymorphisms to the Determination of Paternity

Balazs, Iván; Wexler, K.; Nicholas, Lori; Miyazaki, L.; Giusti, Alan M.; Baird, Michael L.; Rubinstein, Pablo; Allen, Fred H.; Sussman, Leon N.; Glassberg, Jeffrey

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71150-3_42

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These loci were characterized and validated for use for identification analysis in forensics Kanteret al, 1986) andpaternity (Bairdet al, 1986;Balazs et al, 1986).…”

Section: Rflp Analysis Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of DNA identification for forensic and paternity analysis

Baird

1996

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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“…These loci were characterized and validated for use for identification analysis in forensics Kanteret al, 1986) andpaternity (Bairdet al, 1986;Balazs et al, 1986).…”

Section: Rflp Analysis Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of DNA identification for forensic and paternity analysis

Baird

1996

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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“…One characteristic of HVR loci is that they are generally highly polymorphic. One of the first probes of this type to be described was an anonymous segment of chromosomal DNA (named pAW101) that detected at least eight alleles at a locus (D14S1) on chromosome 14.19 Balazs et al 38 and Baird et al 39 used the pAWlOl probe in conjunction with Eco R1 for paternity testing and found it to be informative. A large number of alleles, ranging in size from 3 to 19 kilobases (kb), have been detected at 'the D14S1 locus in chromosomal DNA digested with Pst l.40.41 A second probe used in early studies by this same group was derived from an HVR locus located in the 3' direction from the Harvey ras (HRAS) p r o t o -o n~o g e n e .~~.~~ The HVR core sequence associated with the Harvey ras locus (HRAS1) is composed of 28 nucleotides that, in this particular clone, are repeated 25 times.…”

Section: Probes Detecting Single Chromosomal Locimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combined discriminatory power of the pAWlOl and pLM0.8 probes in paternity testing was investigated by Balazs et al 38 and Baird et al 39 These investigators noted that the cumulative probability of exclusion of nonfathers for both probes was 0.93 and the median likelihood of paternity (W) for those cases where paternity was not excluded was 95.1 percent. These characteristics were comparable to HLA-A and -B testing in which the probability of exclusion was about 0.96 and W for alleged fathers who could not be excluded was approximately 97.5 percent.…”

Section: Probes Detecting Single Chromosomal Locimentioning

confidence: 99%

The application of restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping to parentage testing

Allen

Wallhermfechtel²,

Miller³

1990

Transfusion

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THE GOAL OF PATERNITY TESTING is to establish or refute the biologic responsibility of an accused man for the conception of a child. To achieve this goal, the paternity testing laboratory uses a variety of techniques to identify and evaluate objectively the distribution of selected polymorphic genetic markers in a paternity trio. From this testing, the phenotypes at a number of genetic loci of each member of a paternity trio can be ascertained and compared to determine if the alleged father could have produced the single spermatozoa that contributed to the conception of the child.Paternity testing always results in one of two possible outcomes: either the alleged father could not have fathered the child, or he could have fathered the child. If he is excluded from consideration, the laboratory need not proceed further with the evaluation. However, if the alleged father cannot be excluded, the genetic odds ratio (or paternity index, PI) favoring the paternity of this alleged father over that of a random man of the same race is determined. The PI is calculated by accepted mathematical procedures that incorporate the respective frequencies of the paternal obligate genes in the population into a number that reflects the relative rarity or commonness of men capable of producing the desired gamete. In short, if the constellation of observed paternal genetic markers in the child is collectively rare in the population, only a limited number of men could be implicated as the father, and hence the likelihood that the accused man is the true father of the child is increased.In contrast, if the genetic constellation inherited from the biologic father is common in the population, a larger pool of men could be implicated, and the likelihood of paternity for the accused is reduced. This analytic approach constitutes the foundation upon which the field of paternity testing has been built.Parentage testing detects and evaluates polymorphisms present in the genome that result in the production of polymorphic gene products. These products can be distinguished from one another on the basis of slight variations in biochemical properties (net charge, for example) or by serologic characteristics distinguishable by From the

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Establishing Paternity Using Minisatellite DNA Probes When the Putative Father Is Unavailable for Testing

Odelberg

Demers

Westin

et al. 1988

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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A paternity case involving a putative father who had died a few years earlier in an automobile accident was referred to the laboratory for testing. The child and his mother, the deceased's parents, and nine of the deceased's siblings were available for analysis. As previously reported, paternity testing using red blood cell groups, human leukocyte antigens (HLA), red blood cell enzymes, serum proteins, and immunoglobulin allotypes gave a cumulative paternity index of 43 300 and a combined probability of paternity equal to 99.998%. RFLP analysis using Hinf 1 and Sau 3A single digests and the minisatellite deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) probes 15.1.11.4 and 6.3 showed no exclusion of paternity and gave nearly conclusive evidence that the putative father was the biological father of the child.

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Application of DNA Polymorphisms to the Determination of Paternity

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Use of DNA identification for forensic and paternity analysis

Use of DNA identification for forensic and paternity analysis

The application of restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping to parentage testing

Establishing Paternity Using Minisatellite DNA Probes When the Putative Father Is Unavailable for Testing

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