Application of dilatometric analysis to the study of solid–solid phase transformations in steels

Andrés, Carlos García de; Caballero, Francisca G.; Capdevila, Carlos; Álvarez, L.F.

doi:10.1016/s1044-5803(02)00259-0

Cited by 222 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…Increase of volume occurs during annealing, and therefore this cannot be a ? c transformation, which should be accompanied by a volume decrease [22,23,27]. Taking into consideration the presence of retained austenite in the initial microstructure (Fig.…”

Section: Determination Of Critical Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilatometric study of phase transformations in advanced high-strength bainitic steel

Grajcar

Zalecki

Skrzypczyk

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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The work deals with dilatometric studies of a new-developed advanced high-strength bainitic 3Mn-1.5Al steel. Ferritic, bainitic and martensitic phase transformations are investigated in detail in respect of their temperature range forming and microstructures produced under various conditions of both continuous and isothermal cooling. The equilibrium temperatures of A e1 and A e3 and phase composition of the investigated steel were initially calculated whereas critical temperatures of A c1 and A c3 as well as the decomposition of retained austenite were determined upon heating. The major tests consisted of controlled cooling of undeformed or plastically deformed austenite using the dilatometer within the cooling rate range of 2-0.5°C s -1 . The effects of the cooling rate and deformation at temperatures of 900 and 1,050°C on the phase transformation behaviour and microstructure were explained. The final experiment was carried out using a thermo-mechanical simulator under conditions of multistep deformation and isothermal holding of the steel at 400°C. Microstructural features were revealed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques.

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Section: Determination Of Critical Temperaturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilatometric study of phase transformations in advanced high-strength bainitic steel

Grajcar

Zalecki

Skrzypczyk

et al. 2014

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…austenite phase region [7]. After A C3 , the sample is mostly austenitic, although the complete homogenization of this phase may not yet be realized at this stage, as attested by the presence of an endothermic peak at about 930°C [8]. Indeed, this last peak can be correlated to the progressive dissolution of carbides in austenite.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructural Evolution of a Continuously Cooled Air Hardening Steel

Brunelli

Bassani²,

Lecis

et al. 2013

Metallogr. Microstruct. Anal.

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This study studied the phase transformations occurring at different continuous cooling rates in an air hardening steel used in the rock-crushing industry. Samples of this steel were submitted for calorimetric testing using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. In the experimental run, the samples were heated at the rate of 0.33°C/s from 50 to 1050°C and equilibrated at this temperature for 900 s, then cooled at seven different cooling rates between 0.05 and 0.5°C/s. For all the cooling rates, the DSC traces of the samples showed a first exothermic peak at about 500°C and for samples cooled at rates higher than 0.15°C/s, a second exothermic peak at about 295°C was observed. From the microstructural investigations carried out by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was observed that all the samples after DSC treatment were characterized by the presence of bainite. In the samples cooled at rates higher than 0.15°C/s, martensite was also detected. Comparing the results of DSC and SEM, it was concluded that the first peak at 500°C corresponds to the austenite ? bainite transformation, while the second peak at 295°C corresponds to the austenite ? martensite transformation. The experimentally determined bainite and martensite start temperatures were compared to the values derived from a number of well-known empirical equations.

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“…The temperatures A r3 and A r1 were determined from changes in temperature dependences of dilatation, respectively its derivatives (see e.g. [17,18]) and summarized in Table 3.…”

Section: Evaluation and Mathematical Description Of Experimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

Schindler¹,

Nemec²,

Kawulok³

et al. 2018

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The transformation temperatures Ar3 and Ar1 of four unalloyed hypoeutectoid steels with a carbon content of 0.029-0.73 % were determined using dilatometric tests. Unusually high cooling rates of 2 and 8• C s −1 were used intentionally, corresponding to the conditions in the wire rod rolling mills. The developed regression models are phenomenological and allow a simple prediction of transformation temperatures, depending only on the cooling rate and the chemical composition of the steel represented by the carbon equivalent (in the case of Ar1), respectively by the Ac3 temperature (for Ar3). When calculating the Ac3 temperature, it was worth considering its non-linear dependence on carbon content. It has been verified that the derived equations are applicable even at relatively low cooling rates when the austenite decomposes exclusively on ferrite and pearlite.K e y w o r d s : hypoeutectoid steel, carbon equivalent, dilatometer test, cooling rate, decomposition of austenite, transformation temperature

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Application of dilatometric analysis to the study of solid–solid phase transformations in steels

Cited by 222 publications

References 10 publications

Dilatometric study of phase transformations in advanced high-strength bainitic steel

Dilatometric study of phase transformations in advanced high-strength bainitic steel

Microstructural Evolution of a Continuously Cooled Air Hardening Steel

The combined effect of chemical composition and cooling rate on transformation temperatures of hypoeutectoid steels

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