Application of denitrifying bioreactors for the removal of atrazine in agricultural drainage water

Hassanpour, Bahareh; Geohring, Larry D.; Klein, Annaleise R.; Giri, Shree; Aristilde, Ludmilla; Steenhuis, Tammo S.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.029

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…However, adsorption was identified as the removal mechanism, and modeling indicated that herbicide breakthrough would occur within 18 days (Ranaivoson et al, 2019). Other recent work by Hassanpour et al (2019) corroborated the ability of woodchip bioreactors to remove atrazine from drainage water in the field. Gottschall et al (2016) reported that woodchip-only bioreactors receiving drainage from plots applied with liquid swine manure removed more than 70% of the tylosin, chlortetracycline, and isochlortetracycline in the water.…”

Section: Removal Of Additional Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

Christianson

Cooke

Hay

et al. 2021

Transactions of the ASABE

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HighlightsDenitrifying woodchip bioreactors treat nitrate-N in a variety of applications and geographies.This review focuses on subsurface drainage bioreactors and bed-style designs (including in-ditch).Monitoring and reporting recommendations are provided to advance bioreactor science and engineering.Abstract. Denitrifying bioreactors enhance the natural process of denitrification in a practical way to treat nitrate-nitrogen (N) in a variety of N-laden water matrices. The design and construction of bioreactors for treatment of subsurface drainage in the U.S. is guided by USDA-NRCS Conservation Practice Standard 605. This review consolidates the state of the science for denitrifying bioreactors using case studies from across the globe with an emphasis on full-size bioreactor nitrate-N removal and cost-effectiveness. The focus is on bed-style bioreactors (including in-ditch modifications), although there is mention of denitrifying walls, which broaden the applicability of bioreactor technology in some areas. Subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors have been assessed as removing 20% to 40% of annual nitrate-N loss in the Midwest, and an evaluation across the peer-reviewed literature published over the past three years showed that bioreactors around the world have been generally consistent with that (N load reduction median: 46%; mean ±SD: 40% ±26%; n = 15). Reported N removal rates were on the order of 5.1 g N m-3 d-1 (median; mean ±SD: 7.2 ±9.6 g N m-3 d-1; n = 27). Subsurface drainage bioreactor installation costs have ranged from less than $5,000 to $27,000, with estimated cost efficiencies ranging from less than $2.50 kg-1 N year-1 to roughly $20 kg-1 N year-1 (although they can be as high as $48 kg-1 N year-1). A suggested monitoring setup is described primarily for the context of conservation practitioners and watershed groups for assessing annual nitrate-N load removal performance of subsurface drainage denitrifying bioreactors. Recommended minimum reporting measures for assessing and comparing annual N removal performance include: bioreactor dimensions and installation date; fill media size, porosity, and type; nitrate-N concentrations and water temperatures; bioreactor flow treatment details; basic drainage system and bioreactor design characteristics; and N removal rate and efficiency. Keywords: Groundwater, Nitrate, Nonpoint-source pollution, Subsurface drainage, Tile.

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Section: Removal Of Additional Pollutantsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

Christianson

Cooke

Hay

et al. 2021

Transactions of the ASABE

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“…Some studies have shown that atrazine photolysis results in different intermediate molecules (Konstantinou et al, 2001; Singh et al, 2018). Hydrolysis has been shown to be stimulated by the amount of organic matter in the environment (Hassanpour et al, 2019; Seybold et al, 2001). Furthermore, the static experimentation aquariums showed a change in water color, becoming cloudy and greenish, which may indicate an increase in organic matter over time and consequently the degradation of atrazine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can the exposure system adopted influence the results of the atrazine toxicity in hepatic tissue of fish?

et al. 2021

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The widespread use of atrazine, a herbicide used to control weeds, has contributed to the increased contamination of aquatic environments. To assess the toxicological effects of a xenobiotic on a nontarget organism in the laboratory, different models of toxicological exposure systems have been widely used. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the action of sublethal concentrations of atrazine on the hepatic histology of Oreochromis niloticus, considering two models of exposure: static (where atrazine was only added once) and semi-static (where atrazine was periodically renewed). Fish were exposed to a concentration of 2 ppm atrazine for 15 days, which was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography. The livers were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and histopathological data were collected. In addition, they were submitted to immunohistochemistry for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). A maximum variation of 45% (static) and 12.5% (semi-static) was observed between the observed and nominal atrazine concentration. Nuclear and cytoplasmic changes were observed in both experimental models. Hepatocytes from the livers of the static system showed a degenerative appearance, while in the semi-static system, intense cytoplasmic vacuolization and necrosis were observed. iNOS positive cells were identified only in macrophages in the hepatocytes of fish in the semi-static system. These results directly showed how the choice of exposure system can influence the results of toxicological tests. However, future analysis investigating the by-products and nitrogen products should be carried out since the histopathological findings revealed the possibility of these compounds serving as secondary contamination routes.

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“…Bioreactors generate few cobenefits or ecosystem services besides N removal to either the public or the landowner. Unlike many other types of BMPs, they do not typically remove other pollutants, although they have been shown to remove the pesticide atrazine from tile drainage waters . Many agricultural BMPs, such as cover crops and conservation tillage, provide soil productivity benefits to the landowner, which serve as incentives for private adoption, but cannot address legacy nutrients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike many other types of BMPs, they do not typically remove other pollutants, although they have been shown to remove the pesticide atrazine from tile drainage waters. 56 Many agricultural BMPs, such as cover crops and conservation tillage, provide soil productivity benefits to the landowner, which serve as incentives for private adoption, but cannot address legacy nutrients. Other practices provide habitat and open space amenities (constructed wetlands, stream restoration, riparian buffers, etc.).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of Using Woodchip Bioreactors to Treat Legacy Nitrogen to Meet Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Goals

Easton

Bock

Stephenson

2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency has established aggressive nutrient reduction goals to achieve water quality objectives for the Chesapeake Bay estuary. Nitrogen (N) reduction goals are proving particularly difficult to meet with an additional 20.4 million kg of annual nitrogen reductions needed by 2025, and many of the easily achievable and low-cost N reductions have been realized. We assess the feasibility of employing woodchip denitrifying bioreactors to treat legacy N derived from spring discharge in the Mid-Atlantic region. We estimate that in excess of 6100 kg of soluble N is discharged daily from United States Geological Survey identified springs in four Mid-Atlantic states within the Chesapeake Bay watershed. Based on typical bioreactor removal efficiency (30–55%) and potentially treatable flows (<6000 m3/d), widespread adoption of bioreactors to treat legacy N from 231 springs could conservatively result in 420–770 kg N removed per day, while strategic adoption targeting 48 springs with N concentrations of at least 3 mg/L and flows of at least 500 m3/d could result in 322–590 kg N removed per day more cost-effectively and with far fewer installations. A cost analysis indicates bioreactors can be a cost-effective N removal strategy, generally removing N for less than $5/kg·y. Relative to other nonpoint source pollution control practices, bioreactors also offer the ability to remove larger quantities of N per installation and are more easily monitored to quantify N reductions.

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Application of denitrifying bioreactors for the removal of atrazine in agricultural drainage water

Cited by 19 publications

References 80 publications

Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

Effectiveness of Denitrifying Bioreactors on Water Pollutant Reduction from Agricultural Areas

Can the exposure system adopted influence the results of the atrazine toxicity in hepatic tissue of fish?

Feasibility of Using Woodchip Bioreactors to Treat Legacy Nitrogen to Meet Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Goals

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